Collaborative Research: From Magma to Vents: Monitoring Hydrothermal Fluid Temperature and Upflow-zone Permeability in Relation to Magma Movement at Axial Seamount

合作研究：从岩浆到喷口：监测热液温度和上流区渗透率与轴向海山岩浆运动的关系

• 批准号: 2142095
• 负责人: Dax Soule
• 金额: $ 27.25万
• 依托单位: CUNY Queens College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2142095&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Magma; Vents; Monitoring

Most of the volcanoes on Earth are located on the deep ocean floor and serve as heat reservoirs that boil sea water and give rise to hot springs on the seafloor. These deep-sea hot springs are the source of energy for many unique creatures on the seafloor far from any light. Knowledge of these deep-sea environments is still limited and there is much to be learned about how the hot springs change with time as a volcano’s heat reservoir grows and shrinks. This study will use specially designed gauges to measure the temperatures inside multiple hot springs located on an underwater volcano called Axial Seamount in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Axial is one of the best studied volcanoes in the ocean. Using sensors that monitor the rise and fall of the seafloor on the volcano, scientists forecast that Axial will erupt in the next few years. By analyzing the temperature variations at Axial Volcano’s hot springs, this project will learn more about how the springs and their deep roots inside the volcano change during its buildup towards the next eruption.Magmatic activities along the mid-ocean ridge system related to seafloor spreading account for most of the earth’s volcanic output. The associated hydrothermal systems provide a key linkage between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere, transferring heat and nutrients that ultimately support the biosphere. Seafloor hydrothermal systems are primarily regulated by their subsurface heat supplies and hydrologic properties such as permeability that regulate crustal fluid flow. The considerable difficulties in establishing concurrent, long-term monitoring of those sub-seafloor properties within young oceanic crust in conjunction with surface venting have greatly limited our understanding of hydrothermal variability in relation to submarine magmatic processes. This project will fill this knowledge gap by 1) conducting long-term, high-resolution, time-series measurements of hydrothermal effluent temperature at multiple high-temperature, focused vent sites across the summit caldera of Axial Seamount, 2) using a one-dimensional, multi-layer poroelastic model to derive time-varying estimates of effective upflow-zone permeability from tidal modulation of vent-fluid temperature, and 3) interpreting observed temperature and permeability variations within a broader context constructed from the geodetic and seismic monitoring established at Axial as part of the Ocean Observatories Initiative’s Regional Cabled Array observatory along with other complementary geophysical observations such as state-of-the-art three-dimensional seismic imaging. The planned long-term monitoring of vent-fluid temperature and upflow-zone permeability across the summit-caldera of Axial Seamount will provide valuable insights into the variability of hydrothermal activity in relation to magma movement and associated changes in crustal permeability on a volcanically active spreading ridge segment. Additionally, should an eruption occur at Axial during the timeframe of this project, the proposed vent-fluid temperature measurements and analysis will provide a rare opportunity to investigate magma-hydrothermal interaction during the period of major magma movement immediately before and after the onset of an eruption.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球上的大多数火山都位于深海地板上，用作沸腾海水并在海底上引起温泉的热储水库。这些深海温泉是远离任何光线的许多独特作品的能量来源。这些深海环境的知识仍然有限，随着火山的热储水库的发展和收缩，温泉如何随着时间而变化。这项研究将使用专门设计的量规来测量位于东北太平洋的轴向海山的多个温泉内的温度。轴向是海洋中最好的研究二火山之一。科学家们使用监测海底上海底上升和下降的传感器，科学家预测，轴向将在未来几年内爆发。通过分析轴向火山温泉的温度变化，该项目将进一步了解有关在火山在下一次爆发过程中如何变化的弹簧及其深根变化。沿着地下大部分地板散布的大量山地山脊系统沿着地下大部分山地散布的杂货活动。相关的水热系统在岩石圈和水圈之间提供了一个关键的联系，从而转移热量和最终支持生物圈的养分。海底水热系统受其地下热供应和水文特性（例如调节地壳流动流量的渗透性）的主要调节。在建立年轻海洋壳中的那些子层状特性的同时，长期监测与表面通风术结合使用的情况下，考虑到难度的考虑很大程度上限制了我们对水热变异性与海底岩浆过程相关的理解。该项目将填补这一知识空白1）在多个高温高温，聚焦的通风口位点上对水热有效温度进行长期，高分辨率的时间序列测量，跨轴向接缝的山顶山口山脉，2）使用一维多层，多层弹性模型从有效上流的估计中及时估计，并估计有效上流的温度，并将其定为流动性，并有效地估算了流动性的流动性，并有效地估算了上流的范围。 3）解释由在轴向轴向建立的大地和地震监测构建的更广泛的环境中观察到的温度和渗透率变化，作为海洋天文台倡议的一部分，是海洋天文台倡议的区域有线阵列观察，以及其他完整的地球物理学观测值，例如先进的三维地震成像。计划对轴向海拔峰顶台球台式通风温度和上流区渗透性的长期监测将为岩浆运动的变异性以及在火山活跃的散布脊市场上的地壳渗透性变化而变化的有价值的见解。另外，如果在该项目的时间范围内轴向发生喷发，则提议的排气流体温度测量和分析将为罕见的机会调查岩浆 - 热热的互动，这是在重大岩浆运动开始之前和之后的爆发前和颁发前的颁发前和颁发颁奖后，NSF的法定任务和审查均通过评估构成的依据来进行评估。