IRCEB: The Evolution of a Parasite and its Recently Colonized Host

IRCEB：寄生虫及其最近定殖宿主的进化

• 批准号: 0077804
• 负责人: Geoffrey Hill
• 金额: $ 203.41万
• 依托单位: Auburn University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0077804&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRCEB; Evolution; Parasite; its; Recently

0077804Hill, Roberts & EdwardsIn 1994, a new songbird disease appeared in House Finches in backyards in Maryland. The severe eye and respiratory disease that was observed in these birds was caused by a bacterium, Mycoplasma gallicepticum (MG), which had apparently "jumped" from poultry. Since 1994, this disease has spread throughout eastern North America, killing an estimated 100 million House Finches. This study focuses on the co-evolution of this parasite and its newly colonized host. There has been steady decline in the incidence of mycoplasmosis in eastern House Finches since the epidemic year of 1995/6. This suggests that either finches have evolved genetic resistance to the disease, that MG has evolved reduced virulence, or that some combination of change in resistance and virulence has occurred. A combination of field observations, controlled infection experiments, and genetic analysis will be used to test for evolved genetic resistance to MG in finches and to test for change in virulence in the MG. While this research focuses on a disease that does not infect humans, much can be learned from a study of the interaction of a vertebrate population and a novel pathogen. We live in an age of globalization with new pathogens constantly being spread among populations of domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. Understanding the dynamic nature of interactions between parasites and hosts will provide critical information to help us deal with these new infectious diseases.

0077804HILL，ROBERTS＆EDWARDSIN 1994，一种新的Songbird病出现在马里兰州后院的House Finches中。 在这些鸟类中观察到的严重的眼睛和呼吸道疾病是由细菌，支原体甲状腺肿（mg）引起的，显然是从家禽中“跳跃”的。 自1994年以来，这种疾病已经遍布北美东部，造成估计有1亿户罚款。 这项研究的重点是该寄生虫及其新殖民宿主的共同发展。 自1995/6流行年以来，东部房屋雀科的支原体病的发病率一直在下降。 这表明雀科已经进化了对疾病的遗传抗性，MG的毒力降低，或者已经发生了耐药性和毒力变化的某种组合。 场观测，受控的感染实验和遗传分析的结合将用于测试雀科中对MG的遗传抗性，并测试MG中毒力的变化。 尽管这项研究的重点是没有感染人类的​​疾病，但从研究脊椎动物人群和新型病原体的相互作用的研究中可以学到很多东西。 我们生活在一个全球化的时代，新病原体不断扩散在家庭动物，野生动植物和人类之间。 了解寄生虫和宿主之间相互作用的动态性质将提供关键信息，以帮助我们处理这些新的传染病。