Local Population Dynamics of Temperate and Tropical Reef Fishes at Multiple Scales

多尺度温带和热带珊瑚礁鱼类的局部种群动态

• 批准号: 9618012
• 负责人: Mark Carr
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-15 至 1998-11-09
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9618012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Local; Population; Dynamics; Temperate; Tropical

There is considerable debate regarding the major processes that determine population sizes of organisms inhabiting rocky and coral reefs. Most of these organisms have complex life cycles that include widely dispersive propagules and relatively sedentary juveniles and adults, such that the `birth rate` at a particular reef is equivalent to the rate of settlement of propagules. The controversy focuses on the extent to which supply of propagules vs. post-settlement processes determine local population size and dynamics. To resolve this issue we must know whether, and how, the demographic rates that determine population size at a particular site (settlement, immigration, mortality, and emigration) change with population density (i.e., are the changes in these rates density-dependent). Answering this question is of more than academic interest because, first, it provides the basis for understanding how local population size is regulated naturally, which is essential for effective management of fisheries and other natural populations, and second, it has seldom been answered adequately for any organism. This collaborative research is designed to answer the question of what drives local population dynamics in a comprehensive manner for four species of marine fish inhabiting two very different environments: temperate and tropical reefs. This multi-species, multi-system approach will provide some generality which can perhaps be applied to other marine systems, including demersal and bottom fisheries. Using well-proven methods, the combined experimental and observational design of this study will examine the roles of larval supply, settlement, recruitment, immigration, emigration, competition, and especially predation and its mechanisms, in driving local population dynamics. Results of the field work will be incorporated into mathematical models of population dynamics to provide conceptual generality applicable to other similarly organized systems.

关于确定居住在岩石和珊瑚礁的生物体种群规模的主要过程，存在很大的争论。这些生物大多数都具有复杂的生命周期，包括广泛的分散繁殖体以及相对久坐的少年和成年人，因此特定礁石的“出生率”等同于繁殖的繁殖率。这一争议的重点是繁殖供应与分配后的过程的程度决定了当地人口的规模和动态。为了解决这个问题，我们必须知道确定特定地点人口规模的人口统计率（定居，移民，死亡率和移民）是否随着人口密度的变化（即，这些率密度依赖性依赖性的变化）。 回答这个问题不仅仅是学术兴趣，因为它首先为理解当地人口的规模自然而自然地提供了基础，这对于有效管理渔业和其他自然人群至关重要，其次，对于任何生物体来说，它很少得到足够的回答。 这项合作研究旨在回答一个问题，即是针对四种居住在两个截然不同的环境中的海洋鱼类以全面方式驱动当地人口动态的问题：温带和热带礁石。这种多种物种的多系统方法将提供一些通用性，也许可以应用于其他海洋系统，包括塞拉尔和底部渔业。使用良好的方法，这项研究的实验和观察性设计将研究幼体供应，定居，招聘，移民，移民，竞争，尤其是捕食及其机制在推动当地人群动态方面的作用。现场工作的结果将纳入人口动态的数学模型中，以提供适用于其他类似组织的系统的概念通用性。