Online Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Health Monitoring of Small Satellites

小卫星在线故障诊断、预测和健康监测

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05513
• 负责人: Rahimi, Afshin
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740576
• 关键词: Online; Fault; Diagnosis; Prognosis; Health

The topic of the research being proposed is "Online Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Health Monitoring of Space Systems." It should be noted that the focus of the program will be on small satellite constellation health monitoring with two major objectives, (1) development of the high-fidelity configurable dynamics model for small satellites in constellation and (2) developing health monitoring algorithms for the satellite constellation using the developed models in objective 1. For the first objective, development of the high-fidelity configurable dynamics model for small satellites in constellation, high-fidelity models for a monolithic satellite with reaction wheels (RW) and control moment gyros (CMG) with 3-axis stabilized via nonlinear sliding mode controller (SMC) are developed by the PI. These models only incorporate a satellite attitude control system (ACS) while in constellation and formation flying orbital control also needs to be incorporated for station keeping. Hence, the model needs to be expanded to include attitude and orbital control system (AOCS). Available models from individual satellites will be extended to multiple satellites. This task comprises of 2 parts: (a) developing dynamics models for the satellites in the formation (b) developing controllers for the formation assembly. The constellation assembly can be achieved in three main topologies (a) Centralized, (b) Hierarchical, (c) Distributed/Decentralized and the final model needs to be able to switch between these three topologies. For the second objective, fault diagnosis and prognosis of space systems, new approaches shall be investigated. Hybrid approaches, combining physics-based and data-driven methods, shall be explored. In the physics-based approach, state/parameter estimation of the non-measurable system parameters shall be used to minimize delay in detection. In the data-driven approach, simulated data, in addition to simulated data from models developed in objective 1, shall be used along with machine learning algorithms to model the system, its performance, and possible failure modes. Furthermore, fault prognosis algorithms shall be developed to estimate remaining useful life of the unit(s) and suggest potential remedial actions. This work will provide Canadian space industries with high-fidelity scalable and configurable models for small satellite constellation assemblies that would help increase the Canadian market share in the small satellite launch sector from 2.2% as it stands today. This yields new opportunities for space discovery compared to monolithic satellite missions to due initial and recurring costs. Furthermore, this program will provide intelligent diagnosis and prognosis technologies and trained personnel (HQP) that enable the industry to increase the system's availability and reduce maintenance costs by millions of dollars. The success of this program offers favorable trade balance to exports, presenting Canada as a leader in this area.

提出的研究主题是“在线故障诊断，预后和空间系统的健康监测”。应当指出的是，该程序的重​​点将放在具有两个主要目标的小型卫星星座健康监测上，（1）在星座中为小型卫星的高保真配置动力学模型开发，（2）开发用于健康监测算法的算法卫星星座使用目标1中的开发模型。对于第一个目标，在星座中为小型卫星的高保真可构型动力学模型开发，用于具有反应轮（RW）和控制力矩Gyros的整体卫星的高效率模型和控制矩Gyros（CMG）（CMG） ）通过PI开发了通过非线性滑动模式控制器（SMC）稳定的3轴。这些模型仅包含卫星姿态控制系统（AC），而在星座和飞行轨道控制中，还需要合并以进行车站保存。因此，该模型需要扩展到包括态度和轨道控制系统（AOC）。各个卫星的可用型号将扩展到多个卫星。该任务包括2个部分：（a）在编队中为卫星开发动力学模型（b）开发编队组装的控制器。可以在三个主要拓扑（a）集中式，（b）层次结构，（c）分布式/分散的三个主要拓扑中实现星座组件，最终模型需要能够在这三个拓扑之间切换。 对于第二个目标，空间系统的断层诊断和预后，应研究新方法。应探讨混合方法，结合了基于物理和数据驱动的方法。在基于物理的方法中，不可测量系统参数的状态/参数估计应用于最大程度地减少检测的延迟。在数据驱动的方法中，除了来自目标1中开发的模型的模拟数据外，还应将模拟数据与机器学习算法一起使用，以建模系统，其性能和可能的故障模式。此外，应开发故障预后算法以估计单位的剩余使用寿命并提出潜在的补救作用。这项工作将为加拿大太空行业提供针对小型卫星星座组件的高保真性可扩展性和可配置的模型，这将有助于将加拿大小卫星发射部门的加拿大市场份额从当今的2.2％增加到2.2％。与整体卫星任务相比，这为空间发现的新机会带来了新的最初和经常性成本。此外，该计划将提供智能诊断和预后技术和训练有素的人员（HQP），使该行业能够增加系统的可用性并将维护成本降低数百万美元。该计划的成功为出口提供了良好的贸易平衡，并以该领域的领导者为领导者。