Online Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Health Monitoring of Small Satellites

小卫星在线故障诊断、预测和健康监测

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05513
• 负责人: Rahimi, Afshin
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717651
• 关键词: Online; Fault; Diagnosis; Prognosis; Health

The topic of the research being proposed is “Online Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Health Monitoring of Space Systems.” It should be noted that the focus of the program will be on small satellite constellation health monitoring with two major objectives, (1) development of the high-fidelity configurable dynamics model for small satellites in constellation and (2) developing health monitoring algorithms for the satellite constellation using the developed models in objective 1. For the first objective, development of the high-fidelity configurable dynamics model for small satellites in constellation, high-fidelity models for a monolithic satellite with reaction wheels (RW) and control moment gyros (CMG) with 3-axis stabilized via nonlinear sliding mode controller (SMC) are developed by the PI. These models only incorporate a satellite attitude control system (ACS) while in constellation and formation flying orbital control also needs to be incorporated for station keeping. Hence, the model needs to be expanded to include attitude and orbital control system (AOCS). Available models from individual satellites will be extended to multiple satellites. This task comprises of 2 parts: (a) developing dynamics models for the satellites in the formation (b) developing controllers for the formation assembly. The constellation assembly can be achieved in three main topologies (a) Centralized, (b) Hierarchical, (c) Distributed/Decentralized and the final model needs to be able to switch between these three topologies. For the second objective, fault diagnosis and prognosis of space systems, new approaches shall be investigated. Hybrid approaches, combining physics-based and data-driven methods, shall be explored. In the physics-based approach, state/parameter estimation of the non-measurable system parameters shall be used to minimize delay in detection. In the data-driven approach, simulated data, in addition to simulated data from models developed in objective 1, shall be used along with machine learning algorithms to model the system, its performance, and possible failure modes. Furthermore, fault prognosis algorithms shall be developed to estimate remaining useful life of the unit(s) and suggest potential remedial actions. This work will provide Canadian space industries with high-fidelity scalable and configurable models for small satellite constellation assemblies that would help increase the Canadian market share in the small satellite launch sector from 2.2% as it stands today. This yields new opportunities for space discovery compared to monolithic satellite missions to due initial and recurring costs. Furthermore, this program will provide intelligent diagnosis and prognosis technologies and trained personnel (HQP) that enable the industry to increase the system's availability and reduce maintenance costs by millions of dollars. The success of this program offers favorable trade balance to exports, presenting Canada as a leader in this area.

拟议研究的主题是“空间系统的在线故障诊断、预测和健康监测”。值得注意的是，该计划的重点将是小型卫星星座的健康监测，有两个主要目标：（1）发展星座中小型卫星的高保真可配置动力学模型的建立；(2) 使用目标 1 中开发的模型开发卫星星座的健康监测算法。 第一个目标是开发星座中小型卫星的高保真可配置动力学模型、具有反作用轮（RW）和通过非线性滑模稳定的三轴控制力矩陀螺仪（CMG）的单片卫星的高保真模型这些模型仅包含卫星姿态控制系统（ACS），而在星座和编队飞行轨道控制中还需要包含位置保持。将扩展到包括姿态和轨道控制系统（AOCS）的单个卫星的可用模型将扩展到多颗卫星。该任务包括两个部分：（a）为编队中的卫星开发动力学模型（b）为编队中的卫星开发控制器。星座组合可以通过三种主要拓扑实现（a）集中式，（b）分层式，（c）分布式/分散式，最终模型需要能够在这三种拓扑之间切换。 对于第二个目标，即空间系统的故障诊断和预测，应探索将基于物理的方法与数据驱动的方法相结合的新方法。在基于物理的方法中，应探索非系统的状态/参数估计。 - 应使用可测量的系统参数来最大限度地减少检测延迟。在数据驱动方法中，除了目标 1 中开发的模型的模拟数据外，还应使用模拟数据和机器学习算法来对系统及其性能进行建模。 ，以及可能的故障模式。应开发故障预测算法来估计设备的剩余使用寿命并建议潜在的补救措施。 这项工作将为加拿大航天工业提供用于小型卫星星座组件的高保真可扩展和可配置模型，这将有助于将加拿大在小型卫星发射领域的市场份额从目前的 2.2% 提高，这为太空发现带来了新的机会。此外，该计划将提供智能诊断和预测技术以及训练有素的人员（HQP），使业界能够提高系统的可用性并减少数百万美元的维护成本。该计划的成功为出口提供了有利的贸易平衡，使加拿大成为该领域的领导者。