Multiphase Chemistry and Atmospheric Particles: Reactive Species, Oxidation and Impacts

多相化学和大气颗粒：活性物质、氧化和影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05972
• 负责人: Abbatt, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 9.03万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=711904
• 关键词: Multiphase; Chemistry; Atmospheric; Particles; Reactive

Although atmospheric particles are of crucial importance to both human health and global climate, their detailed chemistry in the atmosphere is not well characterized. In particular, once particles are formed, they are subject to atmospheric oxidative processes that may alter their composition and chemical properties. To place climate and air quality models on a firm fundamental foundation, the chemistry of these processes needs to be understood. And so, it is proposed to conduct a suite of novel laboratory experiments to provide a more complete view of the mechanisms of atmospheric aerosol oxidation and the potential impacts on the atmosphere. Specific projects will assess: i) the rates and mechanisms by which the coloured components of aerosol (i.e. “brown carbon”) will be chemically altered in aerosol particles and clouds, ii) the role that oxidation plays in affecting the ability of particulates to act as the sites for ice cloud nucleation, iii) the formation rates of reactive oxygenated species in the particle, and iv) the rate of uptake of reactive radicals from the gas phase to the aerosol particle. This chemistry will have impacts on the composition, hygroscopicity, optical properties, and toxicity of ambient atmospheric aerosol. State of the art instrumentation will be used in this research program, in particular the use of both novel on-line and off-line mass spectrometric approaches. Along with collaborative opportunities, this will provide trainees with a background in advanced analytical methods. The overall impact of this research program will be to further develop our fundamental understanding of how anthropogenic activities are impacting our natural environment.

尽管大气颗粒对人类健康和全球气候都至关重要，但它们在大气中的详细化学性质尚未得到很好的表征，特别是，一旦颗粒形成，它们就会受到大气氧化过程的影响，从而可能改变其成分和化学性质。为了将气候和空气质量模型建立在坚实的基础上，需要了解这些过程的化学原理，因此，建议进行一系列新颖的实验室实验，以提供对大气气溶胶氧化机制的更完整的了解。以及对大气的潜在影响。 具体项目将评估：i) 气溶胶有色成分（即“棕碳”）在气溶胶颗粒和云中以化学方式存在的速率和机制，ii) 氧化在影响颗粒物发挥作用的能力方面所起的作用。冰云成核位点，iii) 颗粒中活性含氧物质的形成速率，以及 iv) 从气相到气溶胶的活性自由基的吸收速率这种化学性质将对环境大气气溶胶的成分、吸湿性、光学特性和毒性产生影响。该研究计划将使用最先进的仪器，特别是新型在线和离线仪器的使用。除了合作机会之外，这还将为学员提供先进分析方法的背景。 该研究计划的总体影响将是进一步加深我们对人类活动如何影响我们的自然环境的基本理解。