Multiphase Chemistry of Air Pollutants from Urban Cured-In-Place-Pipes Installations: Unrecognized Source of Atmospheric Micro- and Nano-Plastics

城市就地固化管道装置产生的空气污染物的多相化学：大气中微塑料和纳米塑料的未知来源

• 批准号: 2107946
• 负责人: Alexander Laskin
• 金额: $ 45.95万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2107946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multiphase; Chemistry; Air; Pollutants; Urban

Air pollution is a national and global problem with significant adverse impact on human health and wellbeing. Nationwide, there is a growing concern about the emissions of gaseous and particulate air pollutants from urban CIPP (Cured-in-Places-Pipes) installations. The CIPP process is widely utilized to repair leaking sanitary and storm sewer pipes in urban areas. Recent studies have shown that CIPP emissions consist of complex mixtures of gaseous and liquid organic pollutants containing significant amounts of micro- and nano-plastic particles (MNPs). Because of their low degradation rates and persistence in environmental media (soils, water and air), MNPs pose long-term threats to ecosystems. MNPs are also easily transferred to human bodies through ingestion and inhalation, posing a potential threat to public health. The goal of this project is to investigate the chemical composition of urban CIPP emissions with a focus on the secondary-formed and directly emitted airborne MNPs. The successful completion of this project will benefit society through the generation of new fundamental knowledge that could inform the design and operations of CIPP installations to control, reduce and minimize the formation and release of MNPs. Further benefits to society will be achieved through student education and training including the mentoring of two doctoral students.Despite the growing concern about urban air pollution from CIPP installations, a fundamental understanding of the multiphase chemistry, reactivity, and environmental/health impacts of MNPs from CIPP emissions has remained elusive. The goal of this research is to characterize the composition and multiphase physical chemistry of urban CIPP emissions. To advance this goal, the PI proposes to combine field sampling, laboratory experiments and advanced analytical characterization. First, the PI proposes to fractionate laboratory and field samples from representative and simulated CIPP emissions into three fractions: 1) water- and solvent-soluble organic fractions, 2) dried (lyophilized) colloids, and 3) individual colloidal particles. For the characterization of the CIPP soluble organic fractions, the PI proposes to combine high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) interfaced with soft ionization sources [i.e., electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photo-chemical ionization (APPI/APCI)] to obtain a broad account of the polar and nonpolar organic compounds that might be present in CIPP emissions. For the dried (lyophilized) CIPP colloidal fractions, the PI proposes to combine particle flow cytometry with dynamic light scattering to characterize their particle size distributions. Finally, the PI proposes to combine Raman microscopy, SEM (with EDX), and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) complemented by near edge X-ray absorption fine Structure (NEXAFS) to image and analyze the composition of the individual particles (e.g., MNPs) present in the dried (lyophilized) CIPP colloidal fractions. The successful completion of the proposed research could lead to a comprehensive characterization of MNPs and gaseous/liquid organic pollutants from CIPP emissions ultimately providing new fundamental knowledge to guide the design and operations of CIPP installations to control, reduce and minimize urban air pollution.This award is jointly funded by the Environmental Engineering program of the NSF/ENG/CBET Division and the Environmental Chemical Sciences program of the NSF/MPS/CHE Division.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

空气污染是一个国家和全球问题，对人类健康和福祉产生重大不利影响。在全国范围内，人们越来越关注城市 CIPP（就地固化管道）装置排放的气态和颗粒空气污染物。 CIPP 工艺广泛用于修复城市地区泄漏的卫生管道和雨水管道。最近的研究表明，CIPP 排放物由气态和液态有机污染物的复杂混合物组成，其中含有大量的微米和纳米塑料颗粒 (MNP)。由于其降解率低且在环境介质（土壤、水和空气）中持久存在，MNP 对生态系统构成长期威胁。 MNPs还很容易通过摄入和吸入转移到人体，对公众健康构成潜在威胁。该项目的目标是调查城市 CIPP 排放的化学成分，重点关注二次形成和直接排放到空气中的 MNP。该项目的成功完成将通过产生新的基础知识来造福社会，这些知识可以为 CIPP 装置的设计和操作提供信息，以控制、减少和最大限度地减少 MNP 的形成和释放。通过学生教育和培训，包括指导两名博士生，将进一步造福社会。尽管人们越来越关注 CIPP 装置造成的城市空气污染，但对 MNP 的多相化学、反应性和环境/健康影响的基本了解CIPP 的排放量仍然难以捉摸。本研究的目的是表征城市 CIPP 排放的成分和多相物理化学。为了推进这一目标，PI 建议将现场采样、实验室实验和高级分析表征结合起来。首先，PI 建议将来自代表性和模拟 CIPP 排放的实验室和现场样品分为三个部分：1）水溶性和溶剂可溶性有机部分，2）干燥（冻干）胶体，以及 3）单个胶体颗粒。为了表征 CIPP 可溶性有机组分，PI 建议将高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 和高分辨率质谱 (HRMS) 与软电离源 [即电喷雾电离 (ESI) 和大气压光化学电离 (APPI/APCI)] 以获得 CIPP 排放中可能存在的极性和非极性有机化合物的广泛信息。对于干燥（冻干）CIPP 胶体部分，PI 建议将颗粒流式细胞术与动态光散射相结合来表征其粒径分布。最后，PI 建议将拉曼显微镜、SEM（带 EDX）和基于同步加速器的扫描透射 X 射线显微镜 (STXM) 结合起来，并辅以近边缘 X 射线吸收精细结构 (NEXAFS)，对物质的成分进行成像和分析。干燥（冻干）CIPP 胶体级分中存在的单个颗粒（例如 MNP）。拟议研究的成功完成可以对 CIPP 排放中的 MNP 和气态/液态有机污染物进行全面表征，最终提供新的基础知识来指导 CIPP 装置的设计和运行，以控制、减少和最大限度地减少城市空气污染。该奖项由 NSF/ENG/CBET 部门的环境工程计划和 NSF/MPS/CHE 部门的环境化学科学计划共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Field evidence for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in atmospheric aerosol containing quinoline components

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119406
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Atmospheric Environment
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Wenjun Zhang;Haoran Yu;A. Hettiyadura;V. Verma;A. Laskin

Multi-modal chemical characterization of highly viscous submicrometer organic particles

• DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2023.2266494
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Aerosol Science and Technology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: A. Morales;Brianna N. Peterson;Steven A. L. Sharpe;Shelby M Huston;J. Tomlin;F. Rivera-Adorno;R. Moffet;Alla Zelenyuk;Alexander Laskin

Atmospheric emission of nanoplastics from sewer pipe repairs

• DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01219-9
• 发表时间: 2022-10-06
• 期刊: NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 38.3
• 作者: Morales, Ana C.;Tomlin, Jay M.;Laskin, Alexander
• 通讯作者: Laskin, Alexander

Diversity of organic components in airborne waste discharged from sewer pipe repairs

• DOI: 10.1039/d3em00084b
• 发表时间: 2023-09-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Morales，Ana C.;West，Christopher P.;Laskin，Alexander
• 通讯作者: Laskin，Alexander