Development of an innovative coupled isotope-hydrologic model for large Canadian watersheds

为加拿大大型流域开发创新的同位素耦合水文模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06043
• 负责人: Stadnyk, Tricia
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709797
• 关键词: Development; innovative; coupled; isotope; hydrologic

Recent recognition of non-stationarity in climate, and consequently hydrology, is requiring more advanced watershed models to project changes in future runoff and the impacts to Canada's water supply and therefore security. In Canada, much of the water resides at high latitudes where watershed modelling capabilities and accuracies are hindered by sparse hydro-meteorological networks, with densities below World Metrological Organization minimum gauging network standards. This research endeavours to develop improved hydrologic prediction tools for northern Canadian regimes through an innovative coupled isotope-hydrometric approach. Coupled isotope-discharge measurement has proven particularly useful in tracing progressive downstream hydrologic change related to climate or land-use non-stationarity. Isotopes are also useful diagnostic variables in constraining hydrologic model parameter ranges, but have typically been applied ad-hoc only when and where observational data is available. The proposed program focuses on innovation and development of the isoWATFLOOD model, a fully distributed hydrological model that simulates and routes water isotopes across regional landscapes. Key innovations of the isoWATFLOOD model are proposed to enhance applicability to high-latitude, remote basins by incorporating snow and snowmelt dynamics and the deuterium isotope for evaporation modelling and evapotranspiration partitioning. Simulation of the isotope tracers provides a means to validate internal hydrologic process contributions to streamflow, improving the realism of simulated hydrographs and ensuring proper hydroclimatic feedbacks. Continuous simulation of both isotopes also has the advantage of gap-filling' observed isotope records in large river basins, and the potential for isotope signal projection under future climates. The model will be tested in two pan-arctic Canadian basins with existing isotope datasets (Mackenize and lower Nelson Rivers). Theoretical (simulated) isotope frameworks will be produced to validate evaporation and evapotranspiration partitioning. Improved simulation of snowmelt dynamics will significantly improve annual water balance simulations since snowmelt represents the largest flow volume on an annual basis for these basins. Research will provide new tools and HQP with specialized training in hydrologic simulation, with the goal of improving simulation in large rivers without additional field instrumentation. Sectors requiring streamflow projection for infrastructure design, planning, and construction in the North, and recertification of dam structures will be impacted as estimates of extreme flow events are required but no longer represented by gauged records. Outcomes are intended for Canadian researchers and water practitioners requiring advanced tools to assist in streamflow projection under climate change.

最近认识到气候中的非平稳性以及因此水文学，要求更先进的分水岭模型来预测未来径流的变化以及对加拿大供水以及因此安全的影响。在加拿大，大部分水都居住在高纬度地区，在这种水域建模能力和准确性受到稀疏水电学网络的阻碍，其密度低于世界计量组织的最低测量网络标准。 这项研究努力通过一种创新的同位素杂化方法开发了改进加拿大北部政权的水文预测工具。事实证明，耦合的同位素分离测量在追踪与气候或土地使用非平稳性有关的渐进下游水文变化方面特别有用。 同位素在约束水文模型参数范围中也是有用的诊断变量，但通常仅在可用观察数据的何时何地应用了Ad-Hoc。拟议的计划着重于Isowatflood模型的创新和开发，这是一个完全分布的水文模型，可模拟和路由区域景观中的水同位素。提出了ISOWATFLOOD模型的关键创新，以通过合并融雪和融雪动力学以及用于蒸发建模和蒸发分区的氘同位素来增强对高纬度，遥控盆地的适用性。同位素示踪剂的仿真提供了一种验证内部水文过程对流量流的贡献，改善模拟水平图的现实主义并确保正确的水文气候反馈。对这两个同位素的连续模拟也具有填充缝隙填充的“观察到的同位素记录”的优势，以及在未来气候下的同位素信号投影的潜力。该模型将在具有现有同位素数据集（Mackenize和Lower Nelson Rivers）的两个泛氧化加拿大盆地中进行测试。 将生产理论（模拟）同位素框架以验证蒸发和蒸散分配。 改进的融雪动态模拟将显着改善年度水平模拟，因为融雪代表了这些盆地的年度最大流量量。研究将为水文模拟中的专门培训提供新的工具和HQP，目的是改善大河中的模拟而没有其他野外仪器。需要在北部进行基础架构设计，规划和建设的流量预测的扇区，以及大坝结构的重新认证将受到影响，因为需要对极端流动事件的估计，但不再以计量记录表示。 结果是针对需要高级工具来协助气候变化下流量预测的加拿大研究人员和水从业人员的结果。