Assessment and genetics of stress resilience in dairy cattle

奶牛应激恢复能力的评估和遗传学

基本信息

批准号：
530546-2018
负责人：
Karrow, Niel
金额：
$ 6.56万
依托单位：
University of Guelph
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Collaborative Research and Development Grants
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=697968
关键词：
Assessment genetics stress resilience dairy

项目摘要

Dairy cattle are routinely subjected to a variety of stressors that negatively impact health and fertility, welfare and production. Health and climate experts predict that exposure to stressors (i.e. pathogens, fungal mycotoxins and extreme temperature events) will increase as climate conditions continue to destabilize. Since antimicrobials are now less available for preventing and treating livestock disease, there is a need to explore alternative strategies, such as genetic selection for increased stress resilience, to enhance animal health; it is anticipated that stress resilient animals will be healthier, live longer, and be more productive. In the proposed study, we plan to develop an immune stress challenge for dairy calves using microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) so that dairy cattle populations can be stress-phenotyped, which is not currently possible. This novel health phenotype will then be used to calculate heritability estimates, explore associations with other measured health and production traits, and carry out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic markers associated with stress responsiveness. Lastly, resilience of stress-phenotyped animals to climate-associated stressors will be assessed. Given the wide-ranging impacts of stress on animal health and production, it is anticipated that development of this stress model will allow Canadian breeding companies such as the SEMEX Alliance to carry out genomic selection to improve dairy cattle health and production well into the future.

奶牛通常会承受各种压力源，从而对健康和生育，福利和生产产生负面影响。健康和气候专家预测，随着气候条件的不断稳定，暴露于压力源（即病原体，真菌真菌毒素和极端温度事件）将会增加。由于现在抗菌剂可用于预防和治疗牲畜疾病，因此有必要探索替代策略，例如增加压力弹性的遗传选择，以增强动物健康。预计压力弹性动物会更健康，寿命更长，更有生产力。在拟议的研究中，我们计划使用微生物相关的分子模式（MAMP）对乳制品犊牛产生免疫应激挑战，以便可以将乳制牛群进行压力型型，目前是不可能的。然后，这种新型的健康表型将用于计算遗传力估计，探索与其他测得的健康和生产特征的关联，并进行全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以识别与压力反应性相关的遗传标记。最后，将评估应激型动物对与气候相关的压力源的弹性。鉴于压力对动物健康和生产的广泛影响，预计这种压力模型的发展将使加拿大育种公司（如SEMEX联盟）能够进行基因组选择，以改善奶牛的健康和生产，从而在未来良好。