Knowledge-based control of cognition and action

基于知识的认知和行动控制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04773
• 负责人: Masson, Michael
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613155
• 关键词: Knowledge; based; control; cognition; action

Identifying or acting on objects often occurs in contexts where multiple target objects or action intentions are being considered. For example, when reaching for a mug of coffee during breakfast, one might be faced with a dining table that also holds a glass of orange juice, a piece of toast on a plate, and a bowl of cereal with a spoon, all of which invite actions quite different from grasping the vertical handle of a mug. Simply having these alternative target objects in view, or having recently interacted with them, has the potential to bring to mind a mental representation of their associated hand actions. These extraneous action representations may then compete with the intended action, slowing the reach and grasp response, or even modifying details of the movement, leading to an imperfect grasp or possibly a clumsy action that results in an unpleasant accident. Neurophysiological experiments measuring single-cell activity in the pre-motor cortex of monkeys shows that primates are capable of representing multiple action intentions simultaneously and of selecting among them, just as suggested by this hypothetical breakfast table scenario. The research described in this proposal examines the basic mental processes that are involved when humans successfully resolve potential conflicts between action representations that can arise in complex environments or even in intellectual tasks such as language comprehension.      I plan to examine interactions between competing action representations in a range of task situations, including object identification, making reach and grasp actions, and understanding sentences that describe actions applied to manipulable objects. By measuring the time taken to make an action, or the pattern of eye movements used to read a sentence describing an action, or the detailed movement a hand makes as it executes a reach and grasp action, I will be able to form conclusions about the kinds of action representations that are evoked when someone views an object or understands a sentence, and about how competition between those representations is either resolved to allow correct task performance or results in a performance error.      This research will provide important information about how conceptual knowledge and action representations support skilled performance. It will also contribute to a deeper understanding of the selective impairments in performing manual actions and identifying objects that often result from localized brain damage or neural degeneration.

识别或对对象的作用通常发生在考虑多个目标对象或动作意图的上下文中。例如，在早餐期间伸手去拿一杯咖啡时，可能会面对一张餐桌，餐桌上也容纳了一杯橙汁，一块吐司烤面包和一碗麦片，上面放着勺子，所有邀请动作与抓住杯子的垂直手柄截然不同。仅将这些替代目标对象进行观察，或者最近与它们进行互动，就有可能想到其相关手动动作的心理表现。然后，这些无关的动作表示可能会与预期的动作竞争，减慢覆盖范围并掌握响应，甚至修改运动的细节，从而导致不完善的掌握或可能导致不愉快事故的笨拙动作。在猴子前运动皮层中测量单细胞活性的神经生理实验表明，灵长类动物能够简单地代表多种作用意图并在其中选择，就像这种假设的早餐桌场景所暗示的那样。本提案中描述的研究检查了人类成功解决在复杂环境甚至在智力任务（例如语言理解）中可能出现的动作表示之间的潜在冲突时所涉及的基本心理过程。 我计划在一系列任务情况下检查竞争行动表示之间的互动，包括对象识别，触及范围和颗粒状的动作以及理解描述应用于可操作对象的动作的句子。通过衡量为读取描述动作的句子的句子所花费的时间，或者是手动动作的模式，或者手执行触及和颗粒状动作所做的详细动作，我将能够在某人观看对象或对这些表示竞争之间的竞争时允许允许允许或允许允许正确的绩效表现出色或结果表现出色的竞争时，就可以唤起各种动作表示形式的结论。 这项研究将提供有关概念知识和行动表征如何支持熟练绩效的重要信息。它还将有助于更深入地了解执行手动动作的选择性障碍，并识别通常由局部脑损伤或神经变性导致的对象。