Knowledge-based control of cognition and action

基于知识的认知和行动控制

• 批准号: 7910-2010
• 负责人: Masson, Michael
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=521059
• 关键词: Knowledge; based; control; cognition; action

Skilled cognitive actions, such as reading words, identifying objects, or using a tool, are underpinned by multiple mental representations that often are in conflict with one another. For example, a coffee mug affords a number of different, mutually exclusive grasps (e.g., a closed grasp on the handle, an open grasp around the barrel of the mug, or even a pinch grasp on the rim) and interaction with the mug requires that one grasp be selected over the others for execution. How does this selection occur and what are the consequences for the candidates that are not selected? The objective of my research program is to reveal the knowledge-based influences that evoke candidate actions and determine the outcome of the selection process. My approach is guided by two working hypotheses. First, memory for relevant prior experience, including general knowledge, is unconsciously recruited during task execution, forming the basis for skilled performance. Second, task context influences the recruitment and selection of this knowledge. Across a range of task domains, typically involving word reading, object identification, or sentence comprehension, four methods of measuring components of skilled actions will be applied: (1) speeded identification or classification responses (e.g., identifying objects as quickly as possible), (2) hand actions performed using a specially constructed response apparatus that accommodates a range of articulated hand postures (e.g., performing a cued hand action in the context of a related or unrelated object), (3) tracking eye movements as an observer views a visual display (e.g., searching a picture of a natural scene for a target object), and (4) using sensors attached to fingers and hands to record details of hand shape and position as observers make rapid reach and grasp responses. This research will provide important information about how conceptual knowledge and action representations support skilled performance and will contribute to a deeper understanding of selective impairments in reading and object identification that often accompany specific forms of brain damage.

熟练的认知动作，例如阅读单词，识别对象或使用工具，受到多种心理表征的支持，这些心理表征经常相互冲突。 例如，咖啡杯提供了许多不同的，互斥的抓地力（例如，手柄上的闭合掌握，在杯子的枪管周围开了一个开放的抓握，甚至在轮辋上的缝隙握把），并且与杯子的相互作用需要选择一个抓握，以便在其他方面选择一个抓握。 这种选择是如何发生的，对未选择的候选人有什么后果？ 我的研究计划的目的是揭示唤起候选行动的基于知识的影响并确定选择过程的结果。 我的方法以两个有效的假设为指导。 首先，在任务执行期间不知不觉地招募了相关的先前经验的记忆，这为熟练的绩效构成了基础。 其次，任务上下文会影响此知识的招聘和选择。 在一系列任务领域（通常涉及单词读数，对象识别或理解句子理解）中，将应用四种熟练行动组件的方法：（1）识别识别或分类响应响应（例如，尽快识别对象），（2）使用特定构造的响应范围的手动范围内的动作来容纳范围的范围。 （3）作为观察者查看视觉显示（例如，搜索自然场景的图片以找到目标对象的图片），以及（4）使用附着在手指上的传感器和手动记录手动形状的细节，当观察者快速触及并掌握响应时，将眼睛的移动跟踪（3）跟踪眼动动作（例如，搜索自然场景的图片）。 这项研究将提供有关概念知识和行动表征如何支持熟练绩效的重要信息，并将有助于更深入地了解阅读和对象识别中通常伴随特定形式的脑损伤的选择性障碍。