Knowledge-based control of cognition and action

基于知识的认知和行动控制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04773
• 负责人: Masson, Michael
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690709
• 关键词: Knowledge; based; control; cognition; action

Identifying or acting on objects often occurs in contexts where multiple target objects or action intentions are being considered. For example, when reaching for a mug of coffee during breakfast, one might be faced with a dining table that also holds a glass of orange juice, a piece of toast on a plate, and a bowl of cereal with a spoon, all of which invite actions quite different from grasping the vertical handle of a mug. Simply having these alternative target objects in view, or having recently interacted with them, has the potential to bring to mind a mental representation of their associated hand actions. These extraneous action representations may then compete with the intended action, slowing the reach and grasp response, or even modifying details of the movement, leading to an imperfect grasp or possibly a clumsy action that results in an unpleasant accident. Neurophysiological experiments measuring single-cell activity in the pre-motor cortex of monkeys shows that primates are capable of representing multiple action intentions simultaneously and of selecting among them, just as suggested by this hypothetical breakfast table scenario. The research described in this proposal examines the basic mental processes that are involved when humans successfully resolve potential conflicts between action representations that can arise in complex environments or even in intellectual tasks such as language comprehension.***     I plan to examine interactions between competing action representations in a range of task situations, including object identification, making reach and grasp actions, and understanding sentences that describe actions applied to manipulable objects. By measuring the time taken to make an action, or the pattern of eye movements used to read a sentence describing an action, or the detailed movement a hand makes as it executes a reach and grasp action, I will be able to form conclusions about the kinds of action representations that are evoked when someone views an object or understands a sentence, and about how competition between those representations is either resolved to allow correct task performance or results in a performance error.***     This research will provide important information about how conceptual knowledge and action representations support skilled performance. It will also contribute to a deeper understanding of the selective impairments in performing manual actions and identifying objects that often result from localized brain damage or neural degeneration.**

识别或对对象的作用通常发生在考虑多个目标对象或动作意图的上下文中。例如，在早餐期间伸手去拿一杯咖啡时，可能会面对一张餐桌，餐桌上也容纳了一杯橙汁，一块吐司烤面包和一碗麦片，上面放着勺子，所有邀请动作与抓住杯子的垂直手柄截然不同。仅将这些替代目标对象进行观察，或者最近与它们进行互动，就有可能想到其相关手动动作的心理表现。然后，这些无关的动作表示可能会与预期的动作竞争，减慢覆盖范围并掌握响应，甚至修改运动的细节，从而导致不完善的掌握或可能导致不愉快事故的笨拙动作。在猴子前运动皮层中测量单细胞活性的神经生理实验表明，灵长类动物能够简单地代表多种作用意图并在其中选择，就像这种假设的早餐桌场景所暗示的那样。该提案中描述的研究检查人类成功地解决可以在复杂的环境中甚至在诸如语言理解之类的智力任务中出现的动作表示之间的潜在冲突时所涉及的基本心理过程。通过测量为做出动作所花费的时间或用来阅读句子的眼动的模式描述了动作或手在执行触及和颗粒状动作时所做的详细运动，我将能够结论有关刺激的颗粒状动作表示的结论，当某人观看句子或对这些表现之间的竞争时，这些句子的竞争以及允许效果的范围允许效果或允许效果的重要性或范围的效果，这些行为的范围允许或允许某些任务效果的范围或范围的效果。概念知识和行动表示支持熟练的绩效。它还将有助于更深入地了解执行手动动作的选择性障碍，并识别通常由局部脑损伤或神经变性引起的对象。**