Development of spoken word recognition and phoneme awareness in young children

幼儿口语单词识别和音素意识的发展

• 批准号: 341588-2008
• 负责人: Metsala, Jamie
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Mount Saint Vincent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=482182
• 关键词: Development; spoken; word; recognition; phoneme

The proposed research program examines the developmental mechanisms which drive children's spoken word recognition toward a mature state. Spoken word recognition in the adult literature is presumed to be a discriminative process. The speech input activates all similarly sounding words in a listener's lexicon (a similarity neighborhood) and words compete for recognition. Words that reside in dense neighborhoods (i.e., have many similarly sounding neighbors) are recognized more slowly and less accurately than those residing in sparse neighborhoods. Lexical representations and lexical organization are based on segments or phonemes, and this does not vary with the size of a word's neighborhood or the position of information within a word. Less is known about the development of spoken word recognition in early through middle childhood. Children's lexicons are smaller than adults and more dynamic as vocabulary knowledge continues to grow substantially past the initial vocabulary growth spurt. The proposed program of research aims to explore the role of increased neighborhood density in driving segmental representation, processing, and organization in young children's spoken word recognition. The role of increasing neighborhood density is also examined in relation to the development of children's phonological awareness abilities, and a training experiment is included to test the causal nature of this relationship. The effects of density and phonotactic probabilities on young children's spoken word recognition and vocabulary acquisition are examined toward a better understanding of these influences and to test if each can be differentiated, as in the adult behavioral data. The proposed program of research also examines whether different measures purporting to evaluate the quality of phonological representations form a unitary construct that is stable over time and predictive of growth in phonological awareness and reading. The findings from the proposed studies have implications for better understanding language development and its role in reading acquisition and will be of interest to those in the fields of language development and impairments, reading acquisition, and reading disabilities.

拟议的研究计划研究了推动儿童口语单词识别走向成熟状态的发展机制。成人文学中的口语单词识别被认为是一个歧视过程。语音输入激活听众词典中所有发音相似的单词（相似邻域），并且单词竞争识别。与稀疏邻域中的单词相比，密集邻域中的单词（即，有许多发音相似的邻居）的识别速度更慢且准确度更低。词汇表示和词汇组织基于片段或音素，并且这不随单词邻域的大小或单词内信息的位置而变化。人们对儿童早期至中期口语单词识别的发展知之甚少。儿童的词汇比成人的词汇要小，并且随着词汇知识在最初的词汇量激增之后继续大幅增长而变得更加动态。拟议的研究计划旨在探索增加的社区密度在驱动幼儿口语单词识别的分段表示、处理和组织方面的作用。还研究了增加社区密度与儿童语音意识能力发展的关系，并进行了一项训练实验来测试这种关系的因果性质。研究了密度和语音概率对幼儿口语单词识别和词汇习得的影响，以便更好地理解这些影响，并测试是否可以像成人行为数据那样区分每种影响。拟议的研究计划还研究了旨在评估语音表征质量的不同措施是否形成了一个随着时间的推移而稳定并可预测语音意识和阅读增长的统一结构。拟议研究的结果对于更好地理解语言发展及其在阅读习得中的作用具有重要意义，并将引起语言发展和障碍、阅读习得和阅读障碍领域的人们的兴趣。