Development of spoken word recognition and phoneme awareness in young children

幼儿口语单词识别和音素意识的发展

• 批准号: 341588-2008
• 负责人: Metsala, Jamie
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Mount Saint Vincent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=399486
• 关键词: Development; spoken; word; recognition; phoneme

The proposed research program examines the developmental mechanisms which drive children's spoken word recognition toward a mature state. Spoken word recognition in the adult literature is presumed to be a discriminative process. The speech input activates all similarly sounding words in a listener's lexicon (a similarity neighborhood) and words compete for recognition. Words that reside in dense neighborhoods (i.e., have many similarly sounding neighbors) are recognized more slowly and less accurately than those residing in sparse neighborhoods. Lexical representations and lexical organization are based on segments or phonemes, and this does not vary with the size of a word's neighborhood or the position of information within a word. Less is known about the development of spoken word recognition in early through middle childhood. Children's lexicons are smaller than adults and more dynamic as vocabulary knowledge continues to grow substantially past the initial vocabulary growth spurt. The proposed program of research aims to explore the role of increased neighborhood density in driving segmental representation, processing, and organization in young children's spoken word recognition. The role of increasing neighborhood density is also examined in relation to the development of children's phonological awareness abilities, and a training experiment is included to test the causal nature of this relationship. The effects of density and phonotactic probabilities on young children's spoken word recognition and vocabulary acquisition are examined toward a better understanding of these influences and to test if each can be differentiated, as in the adult behavioral data. The proposed program of research also examines whether different measures purporting to evaluate the quality of phonological representations form a unitary construct that is stable over time and predictive of growth in phonological awareness and reading. The findings from the proposed studies have implications for better understanding language development and its role in reading acquisition and will be of interest to those in the fields of language development and impairments, reading acquisition, and reading disabilities.

拟议的研究计划研究了将儿童口语识别带到成熟状态的发展机制。成人文献中的口语识别被认为是一个歧视过程。语音输入在听众的词典（一个相似社区）中激活了所有同样听起来的单词，并且单词竞争认可。与居住在稀疏社区的居民相比，位于茂密的社区（即拥有许多同样听起来的邻居）的单词更慢，准确。词汇表示和词汇组织基于段或音素，这并不随词的邻域的大小或单词中信息位置而变化。关于在童年早期至中期口语识别的发展知之甚少。儿童词典比成年人小，并且随着词汇知识的不断增长而超过最初的词汇生长突破，因此更具动态性。拟议的研究计划旨在探讨邻里密度增加在幼儿口语识别中推动分段表示，处理和组织中的作用。还研究了与儿童语音意识能力的发展有关的邻里密度的作用，并包括训练实验以测试这种关系的因果性质。密度和音调概率对幼儿的口语识别和词汇获取的影响，以更好地理解这些影响，并测试是否可以区分每个影响，如成人行为数据中。拟议的研究计划还研究了是否旨在评估语音表示质量的不同措施形成了一种单一的构造，随着时间的流逝稳定并预测了语音意识和阅读的增长。拟议研究的发现具有更好地理解语言发展及其在阅读习得中的作用的意义，并且在语言发展和障碍，阅读获取和阅读障碍领域的人们中将有意义。