Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Children

儿童内侧橄榄耳蜗反射

• 批准号: 9024214
• 负责人: Srikanta Mishra
• 金额: $ 14.6万
• 依托单位: NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY LAS CRUCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9024214
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Attention; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Behavioral; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Contralateral; Data; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Discrimination; Disease; Environment; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nervous system structure; Noise; Outer Hair Cells; Performance; Physiological; Play; Process; Reflex action; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Shapes; Source; System; Term Birth; Testing; Training; Variant; Work; attentional control; awake; base; clinically relevant; design; experience; indexing; innovation; mental state; oral communication; otoacoustic emission; public health relevance; sound; tool; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Auditory efferents shape afferent auditory processing. The normative features of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent effects and their functional significance in children are not known. Although the MOC reflex is mature around full-term birth, evidence suggests that its strength can be altered through short-term training and experiences. The overall goal of the proposed work is to characterize features of the MOC reflex and investigate its functional significance in auditory perception in typically developing, normal-hearing children. The central hypothesis is that the MOC strength is important for listening in noise during development and that auditory attention plays a prominent role in modulating MOC activity. A combination of perceptual and physiologic (otoacoustic emissions) tests will be used in this project. In Specific Aim 1, the distribution or continuum of the MOC reflex strength, measured via innovative and refined click evoked OAE methods, will be characterized in children. It is predicted that robust measurements of the MOC reflex can be obtained that will allow for observing subtle changes in the MOC reflex due to experimental manipulation. The MOC reflex is expected to show a normal variation in strength from weak to strong across normal hearing children. Further controlling auditory attention is expected to alter the size of th MOC reflex and may reduce the variability among children. Data from adults will be obtained for comparison. In Specific Aim 2, the relationship between the MOC reflex and auditory perception in noise will be investigated in children and adults. Specifically, performance in frequency discrimination in noise will be correlated with the magnitude of the MOC reflex measured in no-task and auditory task conditions. A significant correlation is expected between the strength of the MOC reflex (measured in the auditory task condition) and auditory perception in both children and adults. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to understand the role of efferent mechanisms in auditory perceptual development. The MOC tests developed in this work should be useful both clinically and scientifically in the diagnosis and monitoring of auditor disorders (specifically listening-in-noise deficits), may guide habilitative (training) efforts, an should demonstrate the role of MOC feedback during development.

 描述（由申请人提供）：听觉传出神经形成传入听觉处理。尽管 MOC 反射在足月出生时已经成熟，但内侧橄榄耳蜗 (MOC) 传出效应的规范特征及其功能意义尚不清楚。它的强度可以通过短期训练和经验来改变。拟议工作的总体目标是表征 MOC 反射的特征并研究其在典型发育中的听觉感知中的功能意义。中心假设是，MOC 强度对于发育过程中的噪音聆听非常重要，并且听觉注意力在调节 MOC 活动中发挥着重要作用，在此将结合感知和生理（耳声发射）测试。在具体目标 1 中，通过创新和改进的点击诱发 OAE 方法测量的 MOC 反射强度的分布或连续体将在儿童中得到表征。将允许观察由于实验操作而导致的 MOC 反射的细微变化，预计 MOC 反射在正常听力儿童中显示出从弱到强的正常变化，预计进一步控制听觉注意力将改变 MOC 反射的大小。并且可以减少儿童之间的差异。在具体目标 2 中，将研究儿童和成人的 MOC 反射和听觉感知之间的关系。与 MOC 的大小相关在无任务和听觉任务条件下测量的反射，预计儿童和成人的 MOC 反射强度（在听觉任务条件下测量）与听觉感知之间存在显着相关性。了解传出机制在听觉知觉发展中的作用，这项工作中开发的 MOC 测试应该在临床和科学上对听觉障碍（特别是噪音听力缺陷）的诊断和监测有用，可以指导康复。 （培训）工作中，应展示 MOC 反馈在开发过程中的作用。