Nonconscious Affective and Physiological Mediators of Behavioral Decision Making

行为决策的无意识情感和生理调节因素

基本信息

批准号：
8657013
负责人：
BARBARA LEE FREDRICKSON
金额：
$ 42.56万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-05-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8657013
关键词：
Adherence Adopted Affect Affective Alcohols American Cancer Society Attention Awareness Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Biological Brain Cardiac Carrots - dietary Cessation of life Chronic Chronic Disease Cognition Cognitive Conscious Data Decision Making Eating Emotional Evidence based intervention Experimental Designs Fostering Goals Health Health Promotion Incentives Incidence Individual Individual Differences Intervention Laboratories Learning Life Life Style Link Love Malignant Neoplasms Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Meditation Mental Depression Modeling Oxytocin Pain Personal Satisfaction Physiological Physiological Processes Positioning Attribute Process Psychophysiology Public Health Relative (related person)Research Resources Rest Risk Role Science Seeds Self-control as a personality trait Series Shapes Stream Stress System Testing Theoretical model Time Tobacco War Work biopsychosocial cancer risk clinical practice flexibility innovation middle age mindfulness meditation motivated behavior pleasure positive emotional state premature prevent programs psychologic public health relevance research study response theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The American Cancer Society estimates that 62% of all cancers could be prevented altogether through lifestyle change. Indeed, two of every five premature deaths in the U.S. can be linked to unhealthy and ultimately modifiable behavioral choices. Despite good intentions, people's attempts at midlife lifestyle change often fail, paving the way to increased cancer risk and other costly and life-limiting chronic conditions. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to investigate the role of positive emotions in facilitating successful lifestyle change, defined as healthy behavioral decisions repeated daily, or near daily. An innovative upward spiral model of lifestyle change integrates multiple streams of research in basic behavioral and brain sciences to position positive emotions as key active ingredients that not only seed nonconscious motivational pulls toward a newly-adopted wellness behavior, but also reshape key biopsychosocial resources in ways that increase the subsequent positive emotion yield of that behavior, creating a self-sustaining dynamic system. Four tightly- controlled laboratory experiments test this new model by targeting three Specific Aims. These aims are: (1) to test whether and how positive emotions and physical pleasures differentially create nonconscious cognitive and affective processes that mediate behavioral decisions; (2) to identify biopsychosocial resources that moderate the link between a wellness behavior and its positive emotion yield, and in turn create nonconscious motives for that behavior; and (3) to test whether nonconscious motives shape daily behavioral decisions, which in turn foster positive emotions that further augment nonconscious motives in an upward spiral dynamic. Studies 1 and 2 use a 3-group experimental design with concurrent behavioral and psychophysiological measures to compare and contrast behavioral decisions that ensue following positive emotions versus physical pleasures, targeting the mediating mechanisms of nonconscious motives (Study 1), and broadened cognition (Study 2). Studies 3 and 4 use a 2 X 2 experimental design to test whether the modifiable resources of positive valuation (Study 3) and oxytocin (Study 4) boost the positive emotion yield of wellness behavior, with attendant benefits for nonconscious motives and subsequent daily behavioral decisions. This program of basic research stands to reshape public health interventions and unlock hidden opportunities to drastically reduce the incidence of cancer and other costly chronic conditions.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国癌症协会估计，62% 的癌症可以通过改变生活方式来完全预防。事实上，在美国，五分之二的过早死亡可能与不健康且最终可改变的行为选择有关。尽管意图良好，但人们改变中年生活方式的尝试往往会失败，从而导致癌症风险增加和其他代价高昂且限制生命的慢性疾病。拟议研究的总体目标是调查积极情绪在促进成功的生活方式改变中的作用，生活方式的改变被定义为每天或几乎每天重复的健康行为决策。生活方式改变的创新螺旋上升模型整合了基础行为和脑科学的多个研究流，将积极情绪定位为关键的活性成分，不仅为新采用的健康行为带来无意识的动机拉动，而且以多种方式重塑关键的生物心理社会资源增加该行为随后产生的积极情绪，创造一个自我维持的动态系统。四项严格控制的实验室实验通过针对三个具体目标来测试这一新模型。这些目标是：（1）测试积极情绪和身体愉悦是否以及如何差异性地创造介导行为决策的无意识认知和情感过程； (2) 识别生物心理社会资源，调节健康行为与其积极情绪产生之间的联系，进而为该行为创造无意识动机；（3）测试无意识动机是否会影响日常行为决策，从而促进积极情绪，进一步增强无意识动机，形成螺旋式上升。研究 1 和研究 2 采用 3 组实验设计，同时进行行为和心理生理学测量，以比较和对比积极情绪与身体愉悦后随之而来的行为决策，针对无意识动机的中介机制（研究 1）和拓宽认知（研究 2））。研究 3 和 4 使用 2 X 2 实验设计来测试积极评价（研究 3）和催产素（研究 4）的可修改资源是否可以提高健康行为的积极情绪产量，并为无意识动机和随后的日常行为决策带来随之而来的好处。这项基础研究计划将重塑公共卫生干预措施，并释放隐藏的机会，以大幅降低癌症和其他昂贵的慢性病的发病率。