Project 2 - Behavioral/Neuroscience

项目 2 - 行为/神经科学

• 批准号: 9070463
• 负责人: EDWARD J GOLOB
• 金额: $ 21.39万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2017-06-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9070463
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Appearance; Area; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Detection; Early Diagnosis; Electroencephalography; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Goals; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inferior; Instruction; Laboratories; Lesion; Literature; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Noise; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Proactive Inhibition; Process; Quality of life; Recruitment Activity; Regenerative Medicine; Research; Resources; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Structure; System; Task Performances; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Ursidae Family; Vision; Work; age difference; age related; cognitive control; cohort; diet and exercise; healthy aging; improved; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; virtual reality

Normal aging is accompanied by declines in cognitive control that are mediated, in part, by compromised prefrontal cortex function. However the repercussions of prefrontal changes on other cortical structures recruited for cognitive control are not well understood. In this project control of auditory spatial attention will be used to study interactions between prefrontal and posterior cortical regions, and how these interactions are affected by age and task demands. Our overarching hypothesis is that age-related changes in cognitive control are mediated by network level impairments in coordination between prefrontal and parietal/temporal lobe areas. Corollary hypotheses are that aging is associated with constrained spatial attention gradients (Aim 1), and greater sensitivity of spatial orienting to perceptual and short-term memory load manipulations (Aim 2), both of which can be improved by magnetic stimulation of cortex (Aim 3). Methods include using EEG and event-related potentials to define cortical processing and interactions between prefrontal and posterior areas. Spatial gradients will be mapped by presenting acoustic virtual reality stimuli from locations in the frontal azimuth plane during task performance. Transcranial magnetic stimulation will be used to temporarily influence prefrontal cortical activity. The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation will be assessed using behavioral and EEG/event-related potential measures. Three Specific Aims are proposed. In Aim 1 age differences in spatial attention gradients will be assessed using neuroelectric measures of automatic (mismatch negativity) and controlled (P3a) processing of distractor stimuli. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that declines in cognitive control are associated with reduced perceptual capacity and greater proactive interference in short-term memory. Separate experiments will parametrically vary perceptual or short-term memory load, with a separate assessment of high vs. low proactive interference conditions in the memory load experiments. Aim 3 will determine if magnetic stimulation of cortex can broaden spatial attention gradients and improve performance on cognitive control tasks.

正常衰老伴随着认知对照的下降，这些认知对照部分被损害。 前额叶皮层功能。但是，其他皮质结构的前额叶变化的影响 为了认知控制而招募的人尚不清楚。在这个听觉空间关注的项目控制中 用于研究前额叶和后皮质区域之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何 受年龄和任务需求的影响。我们的总体假设是与年龄相关的认知变化 控制介导了前额叶和顶叶/时间之间的网络水平障碍 叶区域。推论假设是衰老与受约束的空间注意梯度有关 （AIM 1），空间方向对感知和短期记忆负荷操作的更高敏感性 （AIM 2），两者都可以通过皮质的磁刺激来改善（AIM 3）。方法包括使用 脑电图和事件相关的潜力，以定义皮质加工以及前额叶和额叶之间的相互作用 后区。空间梯度将通过从位置呈现声学虚拟现实刺激来映射 在任务性能期间，在额叶方位角平面中。经颅磁刺激将用于 暂时影响前额叶皮质活性。经颅磁刺激的影响将是 使用行为和EEG/事件相关的潜在测量评估。提出了三个具体目标。 在AIM 1年龄的年龄差异将在空间注意力梯度上的差异进行评估 自动（不匹配的负）和受控（P3A）处理干扰物刺激。 AIM 2将测试 认知控制下降的假设与感知能力的降低相关 在短期内存中的主动干扰。单独的实验将在参数上改变感知或 短期记忆负荷，对高积极主动干扰条件进行单独评估 内存负载实验。 AIM 3将确定皮层的磁刺激是否可以扩大空间 注意梯度并提高认知控制任务的性能。