Shifting auditory spatial attention: cognitive and neural mechanisms

听觉空间注意力的转移：认知和神经机制

• 批准号: 8946229
• 负责人: EDWARD J GOLOB
• 金额: $ 28.36万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8946229
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Affect; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Artificial Intelligence; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory; Auditory system; Behavioral; Blood flow; Brain Injuries; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Computer Simulation; Dementia; Differential Diagnosis; Diffuse; Early Diagnosis; Electroencephalography; Environment; Event; Goals; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Independent Living; Individual Differences; Inferior; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Location; Loudness; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Music; Neurobiology; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Obstruction; Outcome; Parietal; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Probability; Process; Property; Reaction Time; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Resources; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Site; Spatial Distribution; Stimulus; Stroke; System; Testing; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Vision; Work; age related; attentional bias; base; behavior measurement; cognitive process; cost shifting; fighting; image guided; indexing; information processing; interdisciplinary approach; nervous system disorder; neural correlate; neural stimulation; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; normal aging; prefrontal lobe; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sound; theories; vector; vigilance

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hearing can serve as an early warning system because it can panoramically monitor the environment for events happening at a distance or out of sight. These ecological considerations make the auditory system particularly useful for studying mechanisms for shifting spatial attention. The focus of this project is on the interplay between top-down and bottom-up spatial attention biases that govern shifting auditory attention to distractors during performance of a simple spatial attention task. The overall goal of this proposal is to use an interdisciplinary approach to better understand at the cognitive and neural levels of analysis how auditory attention is distributed over space. We will test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of auditory attentional emerges from interactions among two basic factors. The first factor is a voluntary (top-down) attention bias that weakens with distance from the current focus of attention. Conversely, the second factor is an automatic (bottom-up) bias that is tuned to shift attention to unexpected events away from the current focus of attention. The first aim tests a computational model of top-down and bottom-up attention bias in shifting auditory spatial attention. Different aspects of the model will be quantitatively tested against findings from behavioral experiments, and observations will be used to further develop the model. The computational model will incorporate artificial intelligence methods to represent human cognitive processes. The second aim uses transcranial magnetic stimulation to test the role of key right hemisphere cortical areas in shifting of auditory spatial attention. We focus on neural mechanisms of bottom-up attentional bias. The third aim tests whether auditory attention gradients become less focused over time. This will determine how gradients relate to cognitive resources and neural blood flow measures that are known to decline with extended vigilance. This project will help advance knowledge in the field of auditory attention and cognitive hearing, and also addresses general issues in attention research such as top-down and bottom-up processes, vigilance, and their relations to neurobiological attention networks. Outcomes will have practical significance because shifting auditory attention is vital for avoiding accidents at ll ages, maintaining independent living at older ages, and is applicable to neurological and psychiatric disorders having attentional impairments (e.g. PTSD, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, stroke, dementia).

 描述（由适用提供）：听力可以用作预警系统，因为它可以全景监视距离或视线不远的事件的环境。这些生态考虑使听觉系统对于研究转移空间注意力的机制特别有用。该项目的重点是自上而下和自下而上的空间注意力偏见之间的相互作用，这些空间注意力偏见在简单的空间注意任务执行过程中控制了听觉上的注意力对干扰因素的转移。该提案的总体目标是使用跨学科的方法在分析的认知和中立水平上更好地理解听觉注意力如何在空间上分布。我们将检验以下假设：听觉注意的空间分布来自两个基本因素之间的相互作用。第一个因素是自愿（自上而下的）注意偏置，该偏差会随着目前注意力的重点而削弱。相反，第二个因素是自动（自下而上）的偏见，它被调整为将注意力转移到意外事件中，将注意力从当前的注意力重点转移到了。第一个目的测试了自上而下和自下而上注意力偏见的计算模型，以转移听觉空间注意力。该模型的不同方面将对行为实验的发现进行定量测试，并将使用观测来进一步开发模型。计算模型将结合人工智能方法来代表人类认知过程。第二个目的使用经颅磁刺激来测试关键右半球皮质区域在听觉空间关注转移方面的作用。我们专注于自下而上注意力偏见的神经元机制。第三个目标测试听觉注意力梯度是否随着时间的流逝而变得较少。这将确定梯度与认知资源和神经元血流测量结果如何相关，这些测量已知会延长警惕性。该项目将有助于提高听觉关注和认知听力领域的知识，并解决注意力研究中的一般问题，例如自上而下和自下而上的过程，警惕性及其与神经生物学注意力网络的关系。结果将具有实际意义，因为移动听觉的关注对于避免年龄段的事故，保持年龄较大的独立生活至关重要，并且适用于具有注意力障碍的神经系统和精神疾病（例如PTSD，注意力缺陷障碍，精神分裂症，Stroke，Stroke，Dementia）。