Project 2 - Behavioral/Neuroscience

项目 2 - 行为/神经科学

• 批准号: 8466850
• 负责人: EDWARD J GOLOB
• 金额: $ 27.07万
• 依托单位: TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8466850
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Appearance; Area; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Detection; Early Diagnosis; Electroencephalography; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Goals; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inferior; Instruction; Laboratories; Lesion; Literature; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Noise; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Quality of life; Recruitment Activity; Regenerative Medicine; Research; Resources; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Structure; System; Task Performances; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Ursidae Family; Vision; Work; age difference; age related; cognitive control; cohort; diet and exercise; healthy aging; improved; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; virtual reality

Normal aging is accompanied by declines in cognitive control that are mediated, in part, by compromised prefrontal cortex function. However the repercussions of prefrontal changes on other cortical structures recruited for cognitive control are not well understood. In this project control of auditory spatial attention will be used to study interactions between prefrontal and posterior cortical regions, and how these interactions are affected by age and task demands. Our overarching hypothesis is that age-related changes in cognitive control are mediated by network level impairments in coordination between prefrontal and parietal/temporal lobe areas. Corollary hypotheses are that aging is associated with constrained spatial attention gradients (Aim 1), and greater sensitivity of spatial orienting to perceptual and short-term memory load manipulations (Aim 2), both of which can be improved by magnetic stimulation of cortex (Aim 3). Methods include using EEG and event-related potentials to define cortical processing and interactions between prefrontal and posterior areas. Spatial gradients will be mapped by presenting acoustic virtual reality stimuli from locations in the frontal azimuth plane during task performance. Transcranial magnetic stimulation will be used to temporarily influence prefrontal cortical activity. The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation will be assessed using behavioral and EEG/event-related potential measures. Three Specific Aims are proposed. In Aim 1 age differences in spatial attention gradients will be assessed using neuroelectric measures of automatic (mismatch negativity) and controlled (P3a) processing of distractor stimuli. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that declines in cognitive control are associated with reduced perceptual capacity and greater proactive interference in short-term memory. Separate experiments will parametrically vary perceptual or short-term memory load, with a separate assessment of high vs. low proactive interference conditions in the memory load experiments. Aim 3 will determine if magnetic stimulation of cortex can broaden spatial attention gradients and improve performance on cognitive control tasks.

正常衰老伴随着认知控制能力的下降，而认知控制能力的下降在一定程度上是由认知能力受损所介导的。 前额皮质功能。然而，前额叶变化对其他皮质结构的影响 为认知控制而招募的人还没有被很好地理解。在这个项目中，听觉空间注意力的控制将 用于研究前额叶和后皮质区域之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何 受年龄和任务要求的影响。我们的总体假设是，与年龄相关的认知变化 控制是由前额叶和顶叶/颞叶之间协调的网络水平损伤介导的 叶区。推论假设是衰老与受限的空间注意力梯度有关 （目标 1），空间定向对知觉和短期记忆负荷操作的敏感性更高 （目标 2），这两者都可以通过皮层的磁刺激来改善（目标 3）。方法包括使用 脑电图和事件相关电位来定义皮层处理和前额叶和前额叶之间的相互作用 后部区域。空间梯度将通过呈现来自位置的声学虚拟现实刺激来映射 执行任务时位于正面方位角。经颅磁刺激将用于 暂时影响前额皮质活动。经颅磁刺激的效果是 使用行为和脑电图/事件相关电位测量进行评估。提出了三个具体目标。 在目标 1 中，将使用神经电测量来评估空间注意力梯度的年龄差异 自动（失配负性）和受控（P3a）处理干扰刺激。目标 2 将测试 假设认知控制能力的下降与感知能力的降低和更大的认知能力有关。 主动干扰短期记忆。单独的实验会参数地改变感知或 短期记忆负载，单独评估高与低主动干扰条件 内存负载实验。目标 3 将确定皮层的磁刺激是否可以拓宽空间 注意力梯度并提高认知控制任务的表现。