Artificial Intelligent Augmented Reality Police E-Trainer for Culturally Competent De-Escalation and Non-Lethal Force Police Training to Eradicate Police Violence Against Black Males

人工智能增强现实警察电子培训器，用于文化能力降级和非致命武力警察培训，以消除警察针对黑人男性的暴力行为

• 批准号: 10601754
• 负责人: Jayfus Tucker Doswell
• 金额: $ 25.43万
• 依托单位: JUXTOPIA, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-25 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10601754
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African American population; American; Americas; Artificial Intelligence; Auditory; Augmented Reality; Baltimore; Behavior; Black Populations; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Cognitive; Color; Communities; Competence; Computer Vision Systems; Computer software; Consent; Cues; Data; Disputes; Domestic Violence; E-learning; Educational Intervention; Empathy; Engineering; Environment; Ethics; Evaluation; Face; Funding; Gestures; Hand; Health Policy; Home; Individual; Injury; Instruction; Intervention; Justice; Latino; Law Enforcement; Law Enforcement Officers; Learning; Martial Arts; Maryland; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Medical Care Costs; Methods; Murder; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Natural Language Processing; Phase; Police; Police Forces; Public Health; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Resistance; Risk; Running; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Software Engineering; Speech; Stress; System; Teacher Professional Development; Teaching Method; Techniques; Testing; Text; Time; Training; Trauma; United States; United States National Academy of Sciences; United States National Institutes of Health; Violence; Visual; Walking; Woman; Work; animation; artificial intelligence algorithm; augmented reality headset; black men; cost; cultural competence; deep learning algorithm; depressive symptoms; experimental study; health disparity; high risk; implicit bias; improved; innovation; instructor; lifetime risk; man; men; mortality; multimodality; prototype; psychological violence; research and development; response; skills; skills training; trauma symptom; visual tracking; weapons

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Police violence against black males, in the United States (U.S.), is a public health disparity [37]. Physical & psychological violence that is structurally mediated by systems of law enforcement, results in deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress that disproportionately affect blacks in the U.S. According to a 2019 study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Americans’ risk of being killed by police is highest for black men, who face ~1 in 1,000 chance of being killed by police over their lifetime. White men have ~1 in 2,500 chance of being killed by police over their lifetime, and Latino men a ~1 in 1,900 chance. Women less likely than men to be killed by police. Their lifetime risk is ~1 in 33,000, compared to 1 in 2,000 for men. Moreover, black men, in the U.S., are up to 3.5 times more likely than whites to be killed by law enforcement; and 1 in every 1,000 black men will die at the hands of police. In Baltimore, Maryland (MD), The Department of Justice (DOJ) revealed, in a 163 page report, that African Americans were targeted and abused by Baltimore police indicating a conspiracy against black citizens. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the overall cost of fatal and nonfatal injuries, by law enforcement, is ~$1.8 billion including medical costs and work lost. Public health policy experts suggest that mandatory training shall be implemented to reduce implicit bias of law enforcement officers against communities of color. However, little is known about effects of implicit biases on behavior, and no experimental studies have been conducted to measure the impact of implicit bias reduction interventions among law enforcement officers. Likewise, officers receive limited de-escalation training; w/training efforts met w/ resistance from police chiefs & national Fraternal Order of Police. During the NIH SBIR Phase 1 effort, Juxtopia team will address the aforementioned public health disparity to help mitigate the police violence endemic against black males by investigating the technical/commercial feasibility of engineering Juxtopia® CAMMRAD Police augmented reality (AR) goggles to distribute an artificial intelligent (AI) police e-trainer & e-evaluator, built upon the Juxtopia® augmented reality (AR) hardware/software platform to achieve the following SBIR Phase I Specific Aims. A. Prototype CAMMRAD Police to e-train/e-evaluate police on de-escalation & use of non-lethal force: B. Evaluate CAMMRAD Police w/ Baltimore police in controlled & austere settings during learning stages.

项目概要/摘要 在美国，警察对黑人男性的暴力是一种公共卫生差异[37]。 心理暴力在结构上由执法系统调节，导致死亡、受伤、 根据 2019 年发表在《美国医学杂志》上的一项研究，创伤和压力对美国黑人的影响尤为严重 美国国家科学院院刊显示，美国人被警察杀害的风险中黑人最高 白人男性一生中被警察杀害的几率约为千分之一。 一生中被警察杀害的几率，拉丁裔男性的几率比女性低约 1,900 分之一。 男性被警察杀害的风险约为 33,000 分之一，而男性则为 2,000 分之一。 在美国，男性被执法部门杀害的可能性是白人的 3.5 倍，每人 1 人； 司法部 (DOJ) 在马里兰州巴尔的摩市将有 1,000 名黑人死于警察之手。 在一份 163 页的报告中透露，非裔美国人成为巴尔的摩警方的目标和虐待对象，表明 疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 估计了针对黑人公民的阴谋。 执法部门造成的致命和非致命伤害的成本约为 18 亿美元，其中包括医疗费用和工作损失。 公共卫生政策专家建议实施强制培训，减少隐性偏见 然而，人们对隐性偏见的影响知之甚少。 行为，并且没有进行实验研究来衡量隐性偏差减少的影响 同样，执法人员接受的降级培训也很有限； 培训工作遭到了警察局长和国家警察兄弟会的抵制。 在 NIH SBIR 第一阶段工作期间，Juxtopia 团队将解决上述公共卫生差异 通过调查技术/商业问题，帮助减轻警察针对黑人男性的暴力行为 Juxtopia® CAMMRAD 警用增强现实 (AR) 护目镜的设计可行性 基于 Juxtopia® 增强现实 (AR) 的智能 (AI) 警察电子培训器和电子评估器 硬件/软件平台以实现以下 SBIR 第一阶段特定目标。 A. CAMMRAD 警察原型，用于对警察进行降级和使用非致命武力的电子培训/电子评估： B. 在学习阶段，在受控且严峻的环境中与巴尔的摩警察一起评估 CAMMRAD 警察。