Neurophysiology, behavioral role and organization of the auditory parabelt

听觉帕拉带的神经生理学、行为作用和组织

• 批准号: 9210755
• 负责人: Yoshinao Kajikawa
• 金额: $ 7.47万
• 依托单位: NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9210755
• 关键词: Acoustics; Anatomy; Area; Auditory; Auditory Physiology; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Discrimination; Disease; Dorsal; Electrophysiology (science); Face; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Left; Location; Macaca; Maps; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Monkeys; Music; Neurologic; Neurons; Noise; Parietal; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Property; Response Latencies; Role; Sensory; Side; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Superior temporal gyrus; Surveys; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Time; Tracer; Visual; Weight; Work; abstracting; auditory stimulus; awake; information processing; network architecture; neurophysiology; preference; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; sound; vocalization

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Primate auditory cortex is composed of areas grouped in regions at 3 levels in a hierarchical order of core-belt- parabelt, and each region subdivides into multiple areas. Auditory information processing proceeds through levels and through areas within every level. Information in belt and parabelt regions diverges into parietal (dorsal) and temporal lobe (ventral), both of which ultimately target different regions of prefrontl cortex. Gathering evidence indicates that auditory information representation becomes more complex and abstract as the processing advances. This project focuses on the properties of the parabelt (PB) region on the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in macaque monkeys for two reasons. First, while PB is fairly well defined anatomically in monkeys (e.g. it divides into cauda and rostral areas, CPB and RPB, respectively), the location and extent of the human PB is less clear because it has been variably defined by different technical criteria. Characterizing the functional properties of the macaque PB may help in better-defining the human PB. Second, while human STG has been implicated in various functions particularly related to perception of communication signals like speech, the physiological properties of macaque PB have not been systematically studied, primarily due to the technical difficulties of accessing the macaque STG. Thus, the detailed auditory physiology of the macaque PB holds some of the key information missing in our understanding of the organization and functioning of the primate auditory cortex. Our BROAD OBJECTIVE is to characterize the physiological properties, functions and organizations of the PB areas in primates. As PB areas are widely regarded as task-sensitive, we will record PB activity in monkeys performing sensory tasks that entail active discrimination of the test stimuli. SPECIFIC AIM 1 is to systematically characterize acoustic preferences (e.g. spectral and temporal tuning) of the PB neurons by examine their responsiveness to a battery of auditory stimuli. This will provide the first ever detailed survey of basic PB physiology. SPECIFIC AIM 2 is to characterize communication signal processing in PB. We examine neural responses to conspecific vocalization while manipulating their sensory modality or intelligibility and relate these responses to behavioral performance. Both AIMs also allow comparisons of CPB and RPB, to provide more details about PB organization. SPECIFIC AIM 3 is to investigate the network architecture of PB by exploring the connection patterns of PB anatomically and neurophysiologically. This will help understand how PB areas interact to process information and pass it to the next levels. Several communication disorders (e.g. autism) implicate STG or higher level of auditory systems for its impaired functionality. Basic properties of STG (PB areas in the case of monkeys) are essential for understanding these, as well as basic sensory impairments.

 描述（由适用提供）：灵长类化的听觉皮层由以3个级别分组的区域组成，该区域是按核腰带的分层顺序分组的，每个区域的细分都分为多个区域。听觉信息处理通过级别和每个级别的领域进行。皮带和对挡虫区域的信息分流为巴拉蒂尔（背侧）和临时叶（腹侧），这两者最终都靶向前叶状皮质的不同区域。收集证据表明，随着处理的发展，听觉信息表示形式变得更加复杂和抽象。该项目侧重于杏仁猴上临时回（STG）对正确的临时回（PB）区域的性质，原因有两个。首先，尽管PB在猴子中的解剖学上的定义很好（例如，它分别为Cauda和Rostral区域，CPB和RPB），但人类PB的位置和范围却较不明显，因为它已被不同的技术标准定义。表征猕猴PB的功能特性可能有助于更好地定义人类PB。其次，尽管在各种功能中隐含了人类STG，特别是与语音沟通信号相关的感知，但猕猴PB的物理特性尚未系统地研究，这主要是由于访问猕猴STG的技术困难。这就是猕猴PB的详细听觉生理学，这是我们对灵长类动物听觉皮层组织的理解和功能中缺少的一些关键信息。我们的广泛目标是表征灵长类动物中PB领域的物理特性，功能和组织。由于PB区域被广泛认为是任务敏感的，因此我们将记录猴子中的PB活动，从而执行带有主动歧视测试刺激的感觉任务。特定目的1是通过检查PB神经元的声学偏好（例如光谱和临时调整），通过检查它们对一系列听觉刺激的反应性，以系统地表征PB神经元的声学偏好（例如光谱和临时调整）。这将提供有关基本PB生理学的首次详细调查。具体目标2是表征PB中的通信信号处理。我们检查神经元对特定发声的反应，同时操纵其感觉方式或智力，并将这些响应与行为表现联系起来。这两个目的还允许对CPB和RPB的比较，可以提供有关PB组织的更多详细信息。特定目的3是通过在解剖学和神经生理学上探索PB的连接模式来研究PB的网络体系结构。这将有助于了解PB领域如何进行处理以处理信息并将其传递到下一个级别。几种通信障碍（例如自闭症）隐式STG或更高级别的听觉系统的功能受损。 STG的基本特性（在猴子的情况下）对于理解这些特性以及基本的感觉障碍至关重要。