Bath Salts & the Illicit Drug Market: Use, Violence & Health Consequences

浴盐

• 批准号: 8921163
• 负责人: Ellen Benoit
• 金额: $ 54.34万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8921163
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aggressive behavior; Amphetamines; Applied Research; Attention; Bathing; Behavior; Brain; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Cities; Cocaine; Complement; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Collection; Delusions; Designer Drugs; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug Controls; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Edible Plants; Emergency Situation; Ethnography; Federal Government; Focus Groups; Fostering; Goals; Health; Hospitalization; Human; Illicit Drugs; Ingredients and Chemicals; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Label; Law Enforcement; Legal; Life Experience; Literature; Marketing; Mass Media; Measures; Medical; Methamphetamine; Methods; Mission; Mollies; Names; New York; Panic Attack; Paranoia; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poison Control Centers; Population; Prevention; Prevention education; Prevention program; Price; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Safety; Sales; Salts; Seizures; Social Environment; Sodium Chloride; Stroke; Surveys; Theft; Time; Toxicology; Variant; Violence; Youth; base; behavioral health; cathinone; design; drug market; drug mechanism; ecstasy; effective therapy; expectation; experience; fighting; innovation; interest; meetings; methamphetamine use; programs; response; social; treatment program; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of "bath salts" - synthetic cathinones with effects similar to methamphetamine and cocaine - has been associated with violent behavior, emergency hospitalizations and some fatalities among youth and adults in various parts of the country. In response, several state and local governing bodies and the federal government recently legislated bans on the active chemical ingredients in bath salts. These measures have created a new illicit drug market, which may significantly affect user experiences. Most of what is known about bath salts to date comes from emergency room reports and mass media coverage of extreme user experiences. However, it is also important to understand the experiences of users who may not end up in emergency rooms but who may be incurring other, as yet unknown, health risks related to the drugs. Scientific research to date is focused on toxicology, which is vitally important, given that bath salts makers frequently adjust the ingredient chemicals in order to evade law enforcement. Little is known, however, about the developing illicit market, or about subcultural and other social contexts that affect user experiences. The mixed-methods, 5-year investigation proposed here will start to fill that knowledge gap, by meeting the following aims: A. (Drug Market Integration) To scientifically document the integration of bath salts into the illicit drug markets, identify and document commonplace varieties of bath salts that are being sold, how they are sold, quantities being sold, variation in prices, access to products, street/brand names and name changes and how dealers manage users; B. (Role of Violence) To delineate the role of violence and document how and under what circumstances such violence co-occurs with bath salts use/sales, and how the illicit market manages such behaviors; a comparison with crack and methamphetamine will be examined to document how the market adjusts to integrate such behaviors; C. (Use Practices) To document use practices (set and setting) and conduct norms among bath salts users and to identify health problems occurring over time associated with use. Recruitment and data collection will be evenly divided among 4 cities: New Orleans, Houston, Galveston (TX) and New York. The research team has previously conducted market studies in all of these cities and has well established contacts among illicit drug users and sellers. Methods will include ethnography (n=80), focus groups (n=200) and survey (n=1,000). This study will complement ongoing toxicology research into bath salts, consistent with NIDA's mission to apply science to questions of drug abuse and addiction, and to do so in a cross-disciplinary way. Understanding subcultural and social contexts of bath salts use, including user perceptions and expectations, will serve the long-term goal of developing and implementing highly targeted prevention messages and treatment strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：使用“沐浴盐” - 类似于甲基苯丙胺和可卡因的效果的合成阴茎 - 与暴力行为，紧急住院以及该国各地的青年和成人的死亡有关。作为回应，几个州和地方理事机构以及联邦政府最近就沐浴盐中的活跃化学成分进行了立法。这些措施创造了一个新的非法药物市场，这可能会严重影响用户体验。迄今为止，关于沐浴盐的大多数知识都来自急诊室报告和大众媒体对极端用户体验的报道。但是，了解可能不会进入急诊室但可能尚不清楚的其他与药物有关的健康风险的用户的经历也很重要。迄今为止，科学研究的重点是毒理学，这至关重要，因为沐浴盐制造商经常调整成分化学物质以逃避执法。但是，关于发展的非法市场或影响用户体验的亚文化和其他社会环境，知之甚少。通过满足以下目标：A。（药物市场整合）以科学记录将沐浴盐整合到非法药物市场中，并确定常见的普遍存在，因此，在此提出的混合方法，为期5年的调查将开始填补该知识差距：A。（药物市场整合）。正在出售的沐浴盐品种，出售方式，价格的变化，使用产品，街道/品牌名称和名称更改以及经销商如何管理用户； B.（暴力的作用）描述暴力的作用，并记录这种暴力与沐浴盐的使用/销售以及非法市场如何管理此类行为的情况；将检查与裂纹和甲基苯丙胺的比较，以记录市场如何调整以整合此类行为； C.（使用实践）记录使用实践（设置和设置），并在浴盐使用者中执行规范，并确定随着时间的使用时间而发生的健康问题。 招聘和数据收集将在4个城市之间均匀分配：新奥尔良，休斯顿，加尔维斯顿（TX）和纽约。研究小组以前曾在所有这些城市进行了市场研究，并在非法吸毒者和卖方之间建立了良好的联系。方法将包括民族志（n = 80），焦点组（n = 200）和调查（n = 1,000）。这项研究将补充对沐浴盐的毒理学研究，这与NIDA的使命是将科学应用于药物滥用和成瘾问题，并以跨学科的方式进行。了解沐浴盐使用的亚文化和社会环境，包括用户的看法和期望，将实现开发和实施高度针对性的预防信息和治疗策略的长期目标。