Speech Understanding In Realistic Environments

现实环境中的语音理解

• 批准号: 8118948
• 负责人: Judy R Dubno
• 金额: $ 36.24万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8118948
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Anatomy; Attention; Audiometry; Auditory; Auditory Threshold; Auditory system; Cells; Characteristics; Classification; Communication; Complex; Cueing for speech; Cues; Elderly; Environment; Experimental Designs; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Masks; Measures; Metabolic; Methods; Neuraxis; Noise; Outcome Measure; Pathology; Performance; Phenotype; Phonetics; Physiological; Presbycusis; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; age effect; age related; base; cognitive change; communication aid; design; hearing impairment; improved; research study; satisfaction; sound; speech recognition; success; young adult

Many older adults have difficulty understanding speech in complex and demanding environments typical of everyday listening. Using laboratory outcome measures, speech-understanding difficulties of older hearingimpaired adults are accounted for primarily by reductions in speech audibility due to elevated thresholds. Given the importance of speech audibility, amplification provided by a hearing aid should restore important speech information and provide significant benefit to communication. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of older adults who could benefit from amplification own hearing aids and use them regularly. The lack of success and satisfaction with hearing aids suggests that a fundamental change in direction is needed. The design and fitting of communication aids for older adults should be guided by their listening performance in complex and demanding environments that contain the acoustic and perceptual variability inherent in everyday situations. Thus, in Project 1, a series of experiments is planned to address key questions concerning older adults' perception of speech information as delivered in realistic environments. To relate age-related declines in auditory function to underlying mechanisms of age-related hearing loss, subjects will include older adults with and without characteristics of metabolic presbyacusis. Aim 1.1 tests the hypothesis that, even when audible, limited use of interaural level and timing cues reduces the binaural advantage for speech for older adults with and without hearing loss and that binaural advantages vary according to the phenotype of age-related hearing loss. Aim 1.2 tests the hypothesis that benefit of hearing aids for processing spatial, binaural, and temporal information underlies hearing-aid use and success by older adults and differs according to the phenotype of age-related hearing loss. Three hearing-aid trials are conducted to determine the extent to which adults with and without characteristics of metabolic presbyacusis who are predicted by laboratory-based measures to benefit from amplification ultimately benefit from using hearing aids in everyday communication. Aim 1.3 tests the hypothesis that age-related changes in speech audibility and in auditory attention increase the effects of stimulus similarity and uncertainty, especially in adverse listening conditions. A long-term goal is to extend our knowledge of mechanisms that account for reduced speech understanding in noise by older adults and thus enhance benefit derived from amplification.

许多老年人在复杂和苛刻的典型环境中理解言语有困难 日常聆听。使用实验室结果测量，老年听力障碍者的言语理解困难 成人的主要原因是由于阈值升高导致言语可听度降低。 鉴于语音可听度的重要性，助听器提供的放大效果应该能够恢复重要的语音清晰度。 语音信息并为通信提供显着的好处。尽管如此，只有一小部分 老年人可以受益于放大自己的助听器并定期使用它们。缺乏 助听器的成功和满意度表明需要从根本上改变方向。这 老年人沟通辅助工具的设计和安装应以老年人的听力表现为指导 复杂且苛刻的环境，其中包含固有的声学和感知变化 日常情况。因此，在项目 1 中，计划进行一系列实验来解决关键问题 关于老年人对现实环境中传递的语音信息的感知。联系起来 与年龄相关的听觉功能下降到与年龄相关的听力损失的潜在机制，受试者将 包括具有或不具有代谢性老年性耳聋特征的老年人。目标 1.1 检验假设 即使在可听见的情况下，对耳间电平和时间提示的有限使用也会降低双耳优势 对于有或没有听力损失的老年人来说，双耳的优势因人而异 与年龄相关的听力损失的表型。目标 1.2 检验助听器的益处这一假设 处理空间、双耳和时间信息是老年人使用助听器和取得成功的基础 并且根据年龄相关性听力损失的表型而有所不同。进行了三项助听器试验 确定具有或不具有代谢性老年性耳聋特征的成年人的程度 根据基于实验室的测量结果预测，从放大中受益最终受益于使用听力 有助于日常沟通。目标 1.3 检验以下假设：言语可听度与年龄相关的变化 在听觉注意力中，刺激相似性和不确定性的影响会增加，尤其是在不利的情况下 聆听条件。长期目标是扩展我们对减少影响的机制的了解 老年人在噪音中的言语理解，从而增强放大带来的好处。