Brain and behavioral correlates of fitness, cerebrovascular health and aging

大脑和行为与健康、脑血管健康和衰老的相关性

• 批准号: 7937979
• 负责人: Monica Fabiani
• 金额: $ 38.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7937979
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Aerobic; Affect; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; American College of Physicians; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebrovascular system; Cognition; Cognitive aging; Complex; Dementia; Early Diagnosis; Economics; Elderly; Elements; Employment; Funding; Future; Guidelines; Health; Health Status; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Marketing; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Multimodal Imaging; Nature; Occupations; Performance; Perfusion; Physical Fitness; Physical activity; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Specialist; Stress; Training; Up-Regulation; Vascular System; Work; age effect; age group; age related; base; brain tissue; cerebrovascular; cognitive change; cognitive function; design; executive function; fitness; improved; long term memory; mild neurocognitive impairment; neuromechanism; neurotrophic factor; normal aging; processing speed; public health relevance; spectroscopic imaging

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area (01) Behavior, Behavioral Change, and Prevention and specific Challenge Topic, 01-AG-102: Neural mechanisms of behavioral change. Cognitive decline in normal aging is a very important societal problem, which impacts millions of people worldwide. Specifically, normal aging is accompanied by declines in working memory and executive function/attention control, as well as in long term memory and speed of processing. Thus, increasing knowledge about the possible predictors of age- related cognitive impairments and their interactions can yield substantial societal and economic benefits, by providing means of early detection and thus improving the chances of successful prevention and/or treatment. Recent studies have emphasized that physical activity and fitness may help stave off some of the effect of aging on cognition, and specifically those related to working memory and executive function, although the exact mechanisms through which these gains are obtained are not yet completely understood. In this work we will conduct a detailed investigation of the possible mediating role that the health status of the cerebrovascular system may have on the beneficial effects of physical fitness on brain anatomy and function and cognitive performance. Our approach is based on the assumption that all the phenomena under study (physical fitness/activity, cerebrovascular health, brain anatomy and function, and cognitive function) are in fact complex and multifaceted and best studied using a multivariate approach. Therefore, for each of them, we take multiple measures at multiple levels. We will investigate naturally-occurring variability in a sample of normally-aging adults comprising four age groups (50-60, 60-70, 70-80, and 80-90 years old), which will be measured twice at 12 months distance (thus affording both cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal analyses). A multimodal imaging approach based on a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, diffusive near-infrared spectroscopic imaging, and electrophysiological methods will be used to provide maps of both cerebrovascular status and brain anatomy and function. Societal Impact. Cognitive decline in aging affects millions of people worldwide. Its early detection may lead to prevention and improvement in intervention practices, thus providing incalculable benefits to society both in economic and humanitarian terms. Physical activity regimes have shown to be beneficial to cognitive aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these benefits are accrued is of enormous practical significance. In addition, following the guidelines of ARRA 2009 for these Challenge proposals, we underscore the fact that this proposal, if funded, will generate one new position (graduate research assistant) and allow for the retention of two additional positions (senior research scientist and research specialist) who may otherwise lose employment. It is further expected that, through this funding, these investigators will receive valuable training in the biomedical sciences, which will make them more competitive on job market in the future. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cognitive decline in aging affects millions of people worldwide. Its early detection may lead to prevention and improvement in intervention practices, thus providing incalculable benefits to society both in economic and humanitarian terms. Physical activity regimes have shown to be beneficial to cognitive aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these benefits are accrued is of enormous practical significance. In addition, following the guidelines of ARRA 2009 for these Challenge proposals, we underscore the fact that this proposal, if funded, will generate one new position (graduate research assistant) and allow for the retention of two additional positions (senior research scientist and research specialist) who may otherwise lose employment. It is further expected that, through this funding, these investigators will receive valuable training in the biomedical sciences, which will make them more competitive on job market in the future.

描述（由申请人提供）：此申请解决广泛的挑战领域（01）行为，行为改变以及预防和特定挑战主题，01-AG-102：行为改变的神经机制。正常衰老的认知能力下降是一个非常重要的社会问题，这会影响全球数百万人。具体而言，正常的老化伴随着工作记忆和执行功能/注意力控制以及长期记忆和处理速度的下降。因此，通过提供早期发现的手段，从而提高了成功预防和/或治疗的机会，对与年龄相关的认知障碍的可能预测及其相互作用的可能预测越来越多，可以产生实质性的社会和经济利益。最近的研究强调，体育活动和适应性可能有助于避免衰老对认知的某些影响，特别是与工作记忆和执行功能相关的认知作用，尽管尚未完全了解获得这些收益的确切机制。在这项工作中，我们将详细研究脑血管系统的健康状况可能对身体适应性对脑解剖结构和功能以及认知性能的有益作用产生的可能作用。我们的方法是基于这样的假设：所有正在研究的现象（身体适应性/活动，脑血管健康，脑解剖学和功能以及认知功能）实际上是复杂的，多方面的，并且使用多元方法进行了最佳研究。因此，对于每个人，我们都采取多个措施。我们将研究包括四个年龄组（50-60、60-70、70-80和80 - 90年历史）的正常成年人样本中的自然变异性，这将在12个月的距离（因此提供横截面和短期纵向分析）进行两次测量）。基于磁共振成像，扩散近红外光谱成像和电生理方法的组合的多模式成像方法将用于提供脑血管状态，脑解剖和功能的地图。社会影响。衰老的认知能力下降会影响全球数百万的人。它的早期发现可能会导致预防和改善干预实践，从而从经济和人道主义方面为社会提供了不可估量的利益。体育活动方案已显示对认知衰老有益。因此，更好地理解这些益处的机制具有巨大的实际意义。此外，遵循2009年ARRA的指南，我们强调了一个事实，即如果资助该提案，将产生一个新职位（研究生研究助理），并允许保留两个其他职位（高级研究科学家和研究专家），否则可能会失去就业。进一步预计，通过这笔资金，这些研究人员将在生物医学科学中获得宝贵的培训，这将使他们将来在就业市场上更具竞争力。 公共卫生相关性：衰老的认知能力下降会影响全球数百万的人。它的早期发现可能会导致预防和改善干预实践，从而从经济和人道主义方面为社会提供了不可估量的利益。体育活动方案已显示对认知衰老有益。因此，更好地理解这些益处的机制具有巨大的实际意义。此外，遵循2009年ARRA的指南，我们强调了一个事实，即如果资助该提案，将产生一个新职位（研究生研究助理），并允许保留两个其他职位（高级研究科学家和研究专家），否则可能会失去就业。进一步预计，通过这笔资金，这些研究人员将在生物医学科学中获得宝贵的培训，这将使他们将来在就业市场上更具竞争力。