Kin and Community Support for Orphans in Cambodia

柬埔寨孤儿的亲属和社区支持

• 批准号: 8133676
• 负责人: PATRICK C. HEUVELINE
• 金额: $ 25.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-21 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8133676
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Behavior; Bilateral; Biological; Cambodia; Caring; Cessation of life; Child; Childhood; Collaborations; Collection; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Disadvantaged; Elderly; Environment; Fathers; Fostering; Gender; Genetic; Grant; Health; Heterogeneity; Household; Individual; Institution; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Mortality Decline; Mothers; Orphan; Parenting behavior; Parents; Population; Population Registers; Random Allocation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rivers; Sample Size; Sampling; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Siblings; Social Environment; Social Welfare; Societies; Stretching; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Visit; base; data collection methodology; design; experience; foster parent; grandparent; interest; member; middle age; mortality; rural area; social; solidarity; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project aims broadly at advancing our understanding of the mechanisms that affect orphaned children, in particular by comparing the importance of genetic relatedness and of social norms with respect to parenting behavior. Specifically, the project will aim at measuring (1) potential disadvantages in adulthood among individuals who lost their mother and/or father during childhood and among those who grew up in households caring for orphans; (2) the extent to which any orphan disadvantage depends on the kinship to the foster parents; and (3) the degree to which solidarity bonds between parents and children differ for fostered orphans v. biological children and vary across social environments. This research project is set in Cambodia, where many children lost one, and often both, parents during the 1975-79 crisis, in which nearly 25 percent of the entire population died, and uncharacteristically, middle-aged to older adults were hit particularly hard. The project entails the collection and analysis of data on these orphans and on their subsequent transition to adulthood. The sample will be drawn from a demographic surveillance system (DSS) that, encompassing entire communities, captures the most significant relationships among member households. Moreover, the DSS approach, which has been successfully implemented with earlier support from an R03, is combined here with the random-selection of communities to increase representatively, environment diversity and sample size. In particular, this design allows for the identification of former foster parents of orphans and of their own children. The project's longer term aims are to advance scientific knowledge on the interaction of biological and social determinants of the transition to adulthood, to expand traditional methods of data collection, and to contribute to research capacity-building in Cambodia. Orphan crises are expected in countries experiencing resurgence in adult mortality. Where this resurgence is driven by infectious diseases, the proportion of orphans who loose both parents in succession is particularly likely to increase. To maintain the health and welfare of these orphans and contribute to their successful transition to adulthood requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms through which orphans are affected by, or protected from, the loss of one or both parents during childhood.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目广泛旨在增进我们对影响孤儿的机制的理解，特别是通过比较遗传相关性和社会规范在养育行为方面的重要性。具体而言，该项目旨在衡量（1）童年时期失去母亲和/或父亲的个人以及在照顾孤儿的家庭中长大的人成年后的潜在不利条件； (2) 孤儿的劣势在多大程度上取决于与养父母的亲属关系； (3) 养育孤儿与亲生子女之间的父母与子女之间的团结纽带的不同程度，以及因社会环境而异的程度。该研究项目以柬埔寨为背景，在 1975-79 年危机期间，许多儿童失去了父母之一，甚至双双，其中近 25% 的人口死亡，与以往不同的是，中老年人受到的打击尤其严重。该项目需要收集和分析有关这些孤儿及其随后向成年过渡的数据。样本将从人口监测系统（DSS）中抽取，该系统涵盖整个社区，捕捉成员家庭之间最重要的关系。此外，在 R03 的早期支持下已成功实施的 DSS 方法在此与社区的随机选择相结合，以增加代表性、环境多样性和样本量。特别是，这种设计可以识别孤儿及其自己孩子的前养父母。该项目的长期目标是推进关于成年过渡的生物和社会决定因素相互作用的科学知识，扩大传统的数据收集方法，并为柬埔寨的研究能力建设做出贡献。成人死亡率回升的国家预计会出现孤儿危机。在这种死灰复燃是由传染病驱动的情况下，连续失去双亲的孤儿比例特别有可能增加。为了维持这些孤儿的健康和福利并帮助他们成功过渡到成年，需要全面了解孤儿在童年时期失去父母之一或双亲的影响或保护机制。