Alcohol in Aviation and Motor Carriers

航空和汽车运输中的酒精饮料

• 批准号: 7856011
• 负责人: GUOHUA LI
• 金额: $ 11.24万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-10 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7856011
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Aircraft; Aircraft accidents; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Aviation; Blood alcohol level measurement; Case-Control Studies; Congresses; Data; Driving While Intoxicated; Effectiveness; Employee; Grant; Health; Healthy People 2010; Industry; Injury; Intervention; Laws; Management Information Systems; Measures; Modeling; Motor; Occupational Safety; Occupations; Outcome; Pattern; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Recording of previous events; Relative Risks; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Marker; Role; Safety; Series; Source; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Time Series Analysis; Transportation; Travel; Visual; alcohol testing; alcohol violation; case control; cohort; data modeling; effectiveness research; follow-up; improved; instrument; parent project; post intervention; programs; statistics; trafficking; vehicular accident

The broad, long-term objectives of this proposal are to better understand the role of alcohol in aviation and motor carrier accidents and to improve transportation safety. The specific aims are: (1) to determine the point prevalence rates of alcohol violations among safety-sensitive employees in aviation and motor carriers; (2) to quantify the relative risks of aviation and motor carrier accidents associated with alcohol violations; (3) to examine the deterrent effects of mandatory alcohol testing programs on alcohol violations in aviation employees and commercial truck drivers; and (4) to evaluate the effectivenessof mandatory alcohol testing programs in reducing aviation and motor carrier accidents. The Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 mandates that employees with safety- sensitive functions be tested for alcohol under a variety of circumstances. Mandatory alcohol testing programs such as random testing, reasonable suspicion testing, and post-accident testing have been implemented in the aviation and motor carrier industries since 1995 but have not been rigorously evaluated. This application is a competing continuation to an R01 grant on alcohol and general aviation (i.e., noncommercial flights). In the parent project, the investigators followed a cohort of 335,672 general aviation pilots for seven years and found that driving-while-intoxicated history is a valid risk marker for flight safety and that alcohol plays a particularly important role in crashes involving flight under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions. In the proposed project, the investigators will address the specific aims through a series of case-control studies and time series analyses using alcohol testing data (for the years 1995-2007) and accident and exposure data (for the years 1983-2007) from a variety of surveillance systems maintained by federal agencies, including the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, National Transportation Safety Board, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The proposedproject will help address several national health objectives pertaining to alcohol abuse, injury control, occupational safety, andintervention effectiveness research, as statedin Healthy People 2010. Findings from theproposed research couldprovide much-neededscientific evidence for informing important policy decisions relevant to transportation safety andprotection of the traveling public.

该提案的广泛、长期目标是更好地了解酒精在 航空和汽车运输事故并提高运输安全。具体目标是：（1） 确定航空安全敏感型员工中酗酒行为的点流行率，以及 汽车运输商； (2) 量化与航空和汽车运输事故相关的相对风险 酗酒行为； (3)检验强制酒精检测计划对酒精的威慑作用 航空雇员和商业卡车司机的违规行为； (4) 评估有效性 强制酒精检测计划可减少航空和汽车运输事故。 1991 年《综合交通运输员工测试法》规定，具有安全能力的员工 在各种情况下测试酒精的敏感功能。强制酒精检测 随机测试、合理怀疑测试和事故后测试等计划已 自 1995 年起在航空和汽车运输行业实施，但尚未经过严格评估。 该申请是酒精和通用航空 R01 拨款的竞争性延续（即， 非商业航班）。在父项目中，研究人员跟踪了 335,672 名通用航空人员 飞行员七年，发现醉酒驾驶历史是飞行安全的有效风险标志 酒精在涉及根据目视飞行规则飞行的坠机事故中起着特别重要的作用 仪器气象条件。在拟议的项目中，研究人员将解决具体目标 通过一系列病例对照研究和使用酒精测试数据的时间序列分析（多年来 1995-2007 年）以及来自各种监测系统的事故和暴露数据（1983-2007 年） 由联邦机构维护，包括联邦航空管理局、联邦汽车运输安全局 管理局、国家运输安全委员会、国家公路交通安全管理局，以及 交通统计局。拟议项目将有助于解决若干国家卫生问题 与酗酒、伤害控制、职业安全和干预有关的目标 有效性研究，如 Healthy People 2010 中所述。拟议研究的结果 可以提供急需的科学证据，为相关的重要政策决策提供信息 交通安全和出行公众的保护。