Memory and attention in people who experienced a single life-threatening event

经历过一次危及生命事件的人的记忆力和注意力

• 批准号: 7501983
• 负责人: BRIAN T LEVINE
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: BAYCREST CENTRE FOR GERIATRIC CARE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-28 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7501983
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Affect; Affective; Air; Aircraft; American; Amygdaloid structure; Appendix; Arousal; Atlantic Ocean; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Characteristics; Chronology; Classification; Climacteric; Code; Cognitive; Computer information processing; Condition; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disasters; Disease; Dorsal; Early Diagnosis; Emotional; Emotions; Episodic memory; Esthesia; Event; Factor Analysis; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Heterogeneity; Hypersensitivity; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Island; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Military Personnel; Modeling; Neuroanatomy; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Psyche structure; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retrieval; Running; Sampling; Score; Sea; Severities; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; Syndrome; Testing; Time; TimeLine; Translating; Trauma; base; behavior measurement; cognitive control; cognitive function; disorder control; emotional trauma; experience; improved; memory recall; memory retrieval; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; therapy design; vigilance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Memory and attentional processes are commonly affected by trauma, yet their neural and behavioral correlates in relation to trauma are poorly understood. The proposed research capitalizes our access to a group of individuals who shared experience of a single traumatic event, allowing us to examine the effects of this event and individual differences in response to this event with an unusual amount of experimental control. Our studies will examine how emotional trauma attendant to near loss of life changes memory and attention, and the relationship of these of changes to other key variables, such as the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A central question in PTSD concerns the fact that some individuals develop the disorder whereas others do not in response to the same traumatic event. The proposed research will address this issue eliminating variance due to the event itself and by using extensive neurobehavioral, psychiatric, and neuroimaging data to systematically examine variables that dissociate PTSD and non-PTSD groups. Moreover, using well-validated measures of autobiographical memory and attention developed in our laboratory, we plan to examine the behavioral correlates of altered attentional and memory function in these groups. Additional studies will address the functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory and attention in participants with and without PTSD and controls using measures sensitive to emotional influences on these processes. Understanding the neural and behavioral correlates of memory and attentional processing following trauma at a more basic level is likely to yield benefits in increased scientific knowledge, and also translate to improvements in the design of treatment interventions focusing on these processes and their altered functioning. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH: The mental and behavioral consequences of trauma affect scores of North Americans, yet the mechanisms of these effects, including the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. These projects will explore the effects of trauma on brain functioning and behavior using a sample of individuals who nearly lost their lives in an airline disaster, allowing a unique opportunity to study the effects of trauma in people who experienced the same event.

描述（由申请人提供）：记忆和注意力过程通常受到创伤的影响，但人们对它们与创伤的神经和行为相关性知之甚少。拟议的研究利用了我们对一群分享单一创伤事件经历的个人的接触，使我们能够通过异常数量的实验控制来检查该事件的影响以及对该事件反应的个体差异。我们的研究将探讨濒临死亡所伴随的情感创伤如何改变记忆和注意力，以及这些变化与其他关键变量的关系，例如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的存在。创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的一个核心问题是，有些人会因同一创伤事件而患上这种疾病，而另一些人则不会。拟议的研究将解决这个问题，消除事件本身造成的差异，并使用广泛的神经行为、精神病学和神经影像学数据来系统地检查区分 PTSD 和非 PTSD 群体的变量。此外，利用我们实验室开发的经过充分验证的自传体记忆和注意力测量方法，我们计划检查这些群体中注意力和记忆功能改变的行为相关性。其他研究将解决患有或不患有创伤后应激障碍的参与者的自传体记忆和注意力的功能神经解剖学问题，并使用对这些过程的情绪影响敏感的措施进行控制。在更基础的层面上了解创伤后记忆和注意力处理的神经和行为相关性可能会增加科学知识，并转化为针对这些过程及其功能改变的治疗干预设计的改进。与公众健康的相关性：创伤造成的精神和行为后果影响着许多北美人，但这些影响的机制，包括创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的发展，人们知之甚少。这些项目将利用在航空灾难中几乎丧生的个体样本来探索创伤对大脑功能和行为的影响，从而提供一个独特的机会来研究创伤对经历过相同事件的人的影响。