The Neuroanatomy of Cognition in Traumatic Brain Injury

脑外伤认知的神经解剖学

• 批准号: 6422841
• 负责人: BRIAN T LEVINE
• 金额: $ 32.76万
• 依托单位: ROTMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6422841
• 关键词: attention; behavior; brain injury; clinical research; cognition disorders; functional magnetic resonance imaging; learning; memory; neuroanatomy; neuroimaging; patient oriented research

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of disability in young adults. While much of this disablement is attributable to mental difficulties, the brain mechanisms underlying these difficulties are poorly understood. There is tremendous variability in TBI effects even among patients with similar injury characteristics. This wide range of behavioral outcomes implies variability in neural reorganization supporting these mental operations. We will explore the neural correlates of mental functioning following TBI with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a technique for studying dynamic brain function (i.e., functional neuroanatomy). Our focus is on executive functioning and memory, the primary cognitive deficits affecting real-life adjustment following TBI. The activation tasks will include two measures of response inhibition and three measures of memory. The functional neuroanatomy of response inhibition will also be examined pre- and post-rehabilitation using a training program that targets executive deficits. Each experiment capitalizes on an established paradigm from our previous behavioral research with brain-injured patients or our functional neuroimaging research with healthy adults. In addition to standard image analysis techniques emphasizing local brain activations, we will employ multivariate techniques that stress functional interactions across the brain. These techniques are necessary to characterize the task- and performance-related chances in brain connectivity fundamental to the neuropathology of TBI. These studies should impact the direct care of patients with TBI through the development of diagnostic imaging techniques that can be used to characterize brain-behavior relationships and assess functional neuroanatomical changes due to natural recovery and rehabilitation. Moreover, we expect these findings to increase the understanding of neural changes (i.e., neural compensation or re-organization) in response to brain injury in general.

描述（由申请人提供） 创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是年轻人残疾的最常见原因 成年人。虽然这种残疾大部分是由于精神困难造成的， 这些困难背后的大脑机制尚不清楚。那里 即使在具有相似症状的患者中，TBI 效应也存在巨大差异 伤害特点。这种广泛的行为结果意味着 支持这些心理操作的神经重组的可变性。我们 将探索 TBI 后心理功能的神经相关性 功能磁共振成像（fMRI），一种研究动态的技术 脑功能（即功能性神经解剖学）。我们的重点是执行力 功能和记忆，影响现实生活的主要认知缺陷 TBI 后的调整。激活任务将包括两项措施 反应抑制和记忆的三种测量。功能神经解剖学 还将使用康复前和康复后检查反应抑制的情况 针对行政人员缺陷的培训计划。每个实验都大写 基于我们之前的行为研究的既定范式 脑损伤患者或我们对健康人的功能神经影像研究 成年人。 除了强调局部大脑的标准图像分析技术之外 激活，我们将采用强调功能的多元技术 整个大脑的相互作用。这些技术对于表征 大脑连接中与任务和表现相关的机会是 TBI 的神经病理学。 这些研究应该通过以下方式影响 TBI 患者的直接护理： 开发可用于表征的诊断成像技术 大脑行为关系并评估功能性神经解剖学变化 到自然恢复和康复。此外，我们希望这些发现能够 增加对神经变化的理解（即神经补偿或 重组）以应对一般脑损伤。