Gender, Emotional Arousal, and Risk for Adolescent Substance Abuse

性别、情绪唤起和青少年药物滥用的风险

• 批准号: 7894692
• 负责人: Tara M Chaplin
• 金额: $ 19.47万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7894692
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety; Area; Arousal; Award; Biological; Birth; Cardiovascular system; Child; Complex; Data; Depressed mood; Development; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Emotional; Emotions; Equation; Family; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Frequencies; Gender; Hydrocortisone; Laboratories; Low income; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mentors; Modeling; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Psychopathology; Publishing; Reading; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Scientist Award; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Scientist; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Trier Social Stress Test; adolescent substance abuse; base; boys; caregiving; cocaine exposure; cohort; depressive symptoms; developmental neurobiology; early childhood; experience; follow up assessment; follow-up; girls; meetings; prenatal exposure; programs; psychosocial; response; showing emotion; social; stressor; symposium; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mentored Research Scientist Award for Tara M. Chaplin, Ph.D. This K01 application seeks support that is essential for my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I have developed an important program of psychosocial research on gender, patterns of emotional response to stress, and the development of depression in adolescence. However, to fully understand the impact of emotional arousal patterns on adolescent psychopathology, I must incorporate biological aspects of emotion and must understand the role of emotion in both internalizing disorders such as depression and externalizing disorders such as substance abuse. Therefore, in this K01 application, I propose to acquire training in three areas: (a) developmental neurobiology models and measures of emotion and psychopathology; (b) substance abuse research; and (c) advanced data analytic techniques for repeated bio-psycho-social data and complex developmental models, including Linear Mixed Effects and Structural Equation Modeling. Training will be provided through intensive mentoring by a team of leading interdisciplinary scientists, and through guided readings, coursework, and attendance at conferences/meetings. I will also complete a research project examining the role of emotional response to stress in the development of substance use and depressive symptoms in 200 adolescents (aged 14-15 years), half of whom are at risk for the development of adjustment problems due to prenatal cocaine exposure. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is known to specifically impact emotional arousal systems and may also be a risk factor for substance use disorders and depression in adolescence. However, no published studies have followed PCE children into adolescence to test this possibility. The proposed study follows a well-characterized cohort of adolescents who have been studied since their birth. Half of the adolescents were prenatally exposed to cocaine and the other half were not exposed to substances, with both groups from low-income families. Adolescents will participate in a laboratory-based stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) with detailed assessments of their emotional responses across bio-psychosocial domains. Adolescent's subjective emotion experience, observed emotion expression, cardiovascular arousal (HR, BP), and HPA-Axis arousal (cortisol levels) will be assessed before, during, and after the TSST. Adolescents will complete 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments of substance use/abuse and depression. Analyses will examine associations between emotional response to the stressor and increases in substance use and depressive symptoms by 12-month follow-up. Understanding possible mechanisms for the initiation and early escalation of substance use disorders and depression will inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk and the proposed Award will enable me to contribute to this field.

描述（由申请人提供）：塔拉·卓别林（Tara M. Chaplin）博士的指导研究科学家奖。该K01应用程序寻求支持，这对于我作为独立跨学科科学家的发展至关重要。我已经制定了一项关于性别的心理社会研究，情绪反应的模式以及青春期抑郁症的发展计划。但是，要充分理解情绪唤醒模式对青少年心理病理学的影响，我必须纳入情感的生物学方面，并且必须了解情绪在内在疾病中的作用，例如抑郁症和外部化疾病，例如药物滥用。因此，在此K01应用中，我建议在三个领域获得培训：（a）发展性神经生物学模型和情绪和心理病理学的度量； （b）药物滥用研究； （c）重复的生物心理社会数据和复杂发展模型的高级数据分析技术，包括线性混合效应和结构方程模型。培训将通过一群领先的跨学科科学家团队以及指导的阅读，课程和参加会议/会议的出席来提供培训。我还将完成一个研究项目，研究对压力的情绪反应在200名青少年（14-15岁）中的抑郁症状发展中的作用，其中一半有可能因产前可卡因暴露而出现调整问题的风险。已知产前可卡因暴露（PCE）特异性影响情绪唤醒系统，也可能是吸毒障碍和青春期抑郁症的危险因素。但是，没有发表的研究跟随PCE儿童进入青春期以测试这种可能性。拟议的研究遵循了自从出生以来就对青少年进行了良好特征的人群。一半的青少年在产前暴露于可卡因，另一半没有暴露于低收入家庭的两组中。青少年将参加基于实验室的压力任务（TRIER社会压力测试，TSST），并详细评估其在生物心理社会领域之间的情感反应。青少年的主观情感体验，观察到的情绪表达，心血管唤醒（HR，BP）和HPA轴唤醒（皮质醇水平）将在TSST之前，期间和之后进行评估。青少年将完成6个月和12个月的随访评估，以评估药物使用/滥用和抑郁症。分析将检查对压力源的情绪反应与药物使用的增加与抑郁症状之间的关联，并通过12个月的随访。了解对物质使用障碍和抑郁症的启动和早期升级的可能机制，将为有风险的青少年的干预措施发展，拟议的奖励将使我能够为这一领域做出贡献。