Parent-adolescent interactions and substance abuse risk: Gender differences

父母与青少年的互动和药物滥用风险：性别差异

• 批准号: 9113521
• 负责人: Tara M Chaplin
• 金额: $ 32.85万
• 依托单位: GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9113521
• 关键词: 13 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular system; Child; Child Rearing; Clinical; Code; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Development; Drug usage; Emotional; Emotions; Environment; Family; Family history of; Fathers; Female Adolescents; Future; Gender; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Lead; Life Stress; Linear Models; Link; Male Adolescents; Measures; Mission; Modeling; Mothers; Neurosecretory Systems; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Prevention; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Problem behavior; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Sampling; Stress; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Techniques; Testing; Time; Treatment Efficacy; Work; Youth; addiction; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance use; base; boys; depressive symptoms; disorder risk; early adolescence; follow-up; gender difference; girls; high risk; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; innovation; novel; reduced substance use; research clinical testing; response; showing emotion; substance abuse prevention; teenage parents

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substance abuse is a major public health problem that is on the rise among adolescent girls. Despite this, we know relatively little about what risk factors lead to substance use and abuse in girls. One important risk factor that is significant for girls and that show changes in adolescence is the family environment. Previous research indicates that a family history of addiction and poor reported parenting are linked to youth's substance use, particularly for girls. However, how poor global parenting leads to substance abuse risk is not known. In addition, although talking with children about drug use is widely recommended to parents, the specific parental advice about drug use that is most effective is not known. The proposed study will address this knowledge gap by using an innovative, newly developed, and validated laboratory paradigm to assess observed parenting behaviors and adolescent multi-modal emotional and physiological responses to parent- adolescent conflict and drug use discussion interactions as these predict increases in adolescent substance use from early to middle adolescence. We hypothesize that observed parenting behaviors in the conflict and drug use discussion interactions (e.g., low warmth, high criticism, avoidance of drug discussion) and heightened adolescent emotional and physiological responses will predict initiation of and increases in substance use/abuse over time and that this prediction will be stronger for girls than boys. We will observe parent-adolescent interactions in a representative community sample of 240 12-13 year old girls and boys. In a laboratory session, parent-adolescent pairs will discuss a personalized conflict topic and the topic of drug use. Parenting behaviors (warmth, structuring, and criticism) and content of drug use discussions (avoiding drug discussion, discussing rules, examples, and consequences of drug use) and contingent emotion and heart rate will be coded continuously using a novel micro-analytic coding system. Before and at repeated time-points during and after the interaction, adolescents' and parents' emotional, physiological (heart rate, blood pressure), and neuroendocrine (cortisol) arousal will be assessed. Youth will complete biological, self-report, and clinical interview measures of substance use and abuse and associated behavior problems and depressive symptoms at Time 1 and at 6 month, and 1, 2, and 3 year follow ups. Parents will complete clinical interviews of their substance abuse and stress. Hypotheses will be tested with sophisticated longitudinal modeling techniques including Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). If the hypotheses are supported, the proposed study will isolate targets for gender-based prevention programs, addressing NIDA's mission of identifying risk factors to improve intervention efficacy. Family-based preventions could identify girls with high responses to brief family talks and could target specific parenting behaviors and parent drug use advice that reduces youth arousal and substance use. Through this work we hope to discover novel, gender-sensitive, prevention strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：药物滥用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，在青春期女孩中呈上升趋势。尽管如此，我们对什么风险知之甚少 导致女孩吸毒和滥用药物的因素。一项重要的风险因素 女孩子在青春期表现出的变化就是家庭环境。先前的研究表明，家族成瘾史和不良的养育方式与青少年（尤其是女孩）的药物滥用有关。然而，全球不良养育方式如何导致药物滥用风险尚不清楚。此外，尽管广泛建议家长与儿童谈论吸毒问题，但最有效的关于吸毒的具体家长建议尚不清楚。拟议的研究将通过使用创新的、新开发的和经过验证的实验室范式来评估观察到的养育行为和青少年对父母-青少年冲突和药物使用讨论互动的多模式情感和生理反应，以解决这一知识差距，因为这些预测青少年青春期早期到中期的物质使用。我们假设，在冲突和药物使用讨论互动中观察到的养育行为（例如，低热情、高度批评、避免药物讨论）以及青少年情绪和生理反应的增强将预测药物使用/滥用的开始和随着时间的推移而增加，并且对于女孩来说，这一预测会比男孩更强烈。我们将在 240 名 12-13 岁女孩和男孩的代表性社区样本中观察父母与青少年的互动。在实验室会议中，父母与青少年将讨论个性化的冲突主题和吸毒主题。养育行为（温暖、结构化和批评）和吸毒讨论的内容（避免吸毒讨论、讨论吸毒的规则、例子和后果）以及偶然情绪和心率将使用一种新颖的微分析编码系统进行连续编码。在互动之前以及互动期间和之后的重复时间点，将评估青少年和父母的情绪、生理（心率、血压）和神经内分泌（皮质醇）唤醒。青少年将在第 1 时间、第 6 个月以及第 1 年、第 2 年和第 3 年随访时完成药物使用和滥用以及相关行为问题和抑郁症状的生物学、自我报告和临床访谈测量。家长将完成有关他们的药物滥用和压力的临床访谈。将使用复杂的纵向建模技术（包括分层线性建模 (HLM)）来测试假设。 如果假设得到支持，拟议的研究将确定基于性别的预防计划的目标，实现 NIDA 识别风险因素以提高干预效果的使命。基于家庭的预防可以识别对简短家庭谈话反应较高的女孩，并可以针对特定的养育行为和家长吸毒建议，以减少青少年的兴奋和药物使用。通过这项工作，我们希望发现新颖的、性别敏感的预防策略。