Project B: Transmission I Vector Bionomics

项目 B：Transmission I 矢量生物学

• 批准号: 10605170
• 负责人: DOUGLAS E NORRIS
• 金额: $ 21.63万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10605170
• 关键词: Adoption; Africa South of the Sahara; Anopheles Genus; Area; Arthropods; Behavior; Biology; Bite; Border Crossings; Central Africa; Cessation of life; Collection; Country; Culicidae; Data; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Disease; Ecology; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genetic Vectors; Genetic study; Genomics; Genotype; Geography; Government; Heterogeneity; Human; Infrastructure; Intervention; Investigation; Katanga; Malaria; Malaria prevention; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Odors; Parasites; Population; Predisposition; Province; Research; Residual state; Resources; Risk; Sample Size; Sexual Reproduction; Southern Africa; Sporozoites; Structure; Time Study; Variant; Vector Ecology; Zambia; climate data; cost; cost efficient; exposed human population; genomic data; human data; malaria transmission; programs; remote sensing; tool; trait; transmission process; vector; vector competence; vector control; vector mosquito; weather stations

Abstract Progress in the control of malaria has been substantial in the past five years, with estimated reductions in global deaths due to malaria at 60% and cases of malaria down by 37%. Despite the adoption of elimination strategies by many countries, sub-Saharan Africa still bears the majority of the global malaria burden, with more than 90% of the 438,000 annual deaths occurring in this part of the world. Vector control is the mainstay of malaria prevention, yet despite continued delivery of such interventions, transmission persists in many areas. A major factor contributing to this is the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vectors that, in part, drive the differences observed in malaria transmission biology and epidemiology at both global and national scales. Entomological data is essential in guiding appropriate, effective, and cost-efficient malaria interventions and can identify gaps in existing control measures; however, most governments of malaria endemic countries lack the resources to carry out detailed investigations of vector dynamics. Building upon the infrastructure, expertise, and relationships developed by the Southern Africa ICEMR, and utilizing the more than 4 years of entomologic data generated under that study, this projects aims to define and extrapolate risk of vector exposure in the context of ongoing programmatic control at a high transmission setting along the northern Zambia/Democratic Republic of Congo border and at a low transmission setting in southern Zambia. It is expected that vector composition and behaviors will differ geographically, resulting in the varied epidemiology of disease in each setting. A total profile, including both indoor and outdoor biting anophelines, with a focus on secondary vectors, will provide a much more comprehensive understanding of vector biology and residual transmission. Vector activity overlaid with data of human behavior will allow quantification of exposure that cannot be controlled by indoor-targeted interventions. Heterogeneity in human attractiveness will be studied using state-of-the-art analyses of human odors. We will use satellite-derived variables and climate data from both stationary weather stations and those remotely sensed to generate entomological risk maps over time for the study areas and extend to areas where entomological collections cannot be conducted. Finally, we will utilize changes in parasite genetic diversity in vector mosquitoes as an indicator of successful vector control and reduction of transmission in high transmission settings in Zambia and the DRC. These data will help guide better targeting and evaluation of control interventions in these areas and areas with similar ecology.

抽象的 过去五年来，疟疾控制取得了巨大进展，预计疟疾数量减少了 全球因疟疾死亡人数上升 60%，疟疾病例数下降 37%。尽管采用消除法 尽管许多国家制定了战略，但撒哈拉以南非洲地区仍然承担着全球疟疾负担的大部分，其中 每年 438,000 人死亡，其中 90% 以上发生在世界这一地区。矢量控制是支柱 疟疾预防工作的进展，但尽管继续提供此类干预措施，但许多地区的疟疾传播仍然存在 地区。造成这种情况的一个主要因素是向量的空间和时间异质性，这在一定程度上驱动了 在全球和国家范围内观察到的疟疾传播生物学和流行病学差异。 昆虫学数据对于指导适当、有效和具有成本效益的疟疾干预措施至关重要 能够找出现有控制措施中的差距；然而，大多数疟疾流行国家的政府缺乏 进行矢量动力学详细研究的资源。以基础设施为基础， 南部非洲 ICEMR 建立的专业知识和关系，并利用 4 年多的经验 根据该研究生成的昆虫学数据，该项目旨在定义和推断媒介风险 在北部高传播环境下持续进行程序控制的情况下的暴露 赞比亚/刚果民主共和国边境以及赞比亚南部的低传播环境。这是 预计媒介的组成和行为会因地理位置而异，从而导致流行病学的不同 每种情况下的疾病。总体概况，包括室内和室外咬按蚊，重点是 二级载体，将提供对载体生物学和残差的更全面的理解 传播。与人类行为数据叠加的矢量活动将允许对暴露进行量化 无法通过室内针对性干预措施来控制。将研究人类吸引力的异质性 使用最先进的人类气味分析。我们将使用卫星衍生的变量和气候数据 固定气象站和遥感气象站随着时间的推移生成昆虫学风险图 研究区域并扩展到无法进行昆虫学收集的区域。最后，我们将 利用媒介蚊子寄生虫遗传多样性的变化作为成功媒介控制的指标 以及减少赞比亚和刚果民主共和国高传播环境下的传播。这些数据将有助于指导 更好地瞄准和评估这些地区和具有类似生态的地区的控制干预措施。