Project B: Transmission I Vector Bionomics

项目 B：Transmission I 矢量生物学

• 批准号: 9470855
• 负责人: Jennifer Stevenson
• 金额: $ 24.82万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9470855
• 关键词: Adoption; Africa South of the Sahara; Anopheles Genus; Area; Arthropods; Behavior; Biology; Bionomics; Central Africa; Cessation of life; Collection; Competence; Country; Culicidae; Data; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Disease; Ecology; Entomology; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genetic Vectors; Genetic study; Genomics; Genotype; Geography; Government; Heterogeneity; Human; Intervention; Investigation; Katanga; Logistics; Malaria; Malaria prevention; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Odors; Parasites; Population; Predisposition; Province; Reproduction; Research; Research Infrastructure; Residual state; Resources; Risk; Sample Size; Southern Africa; Sporozoites; Structure; Time Study; Ursidae Family; Variant; Weather; Zambia; climate data; cost; cost efficient; exposed human population; genomic data; human data; malaria transmission; programs; remote sensing; tool; trait; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector mosquito

Abstract Progress in the control of malaria has been substantial in the past five years, with estimated reductions in global deaths due to malaria at 60% and cases of malaria down by 37%. Despite the adoption of elimination strategies by many countries, sub-Saharan Africa still bears the majority of the global malaria burden, with more than 90% of the 438,000 annual deaths occurring in this part of the world. Vector control is the mainstay of malaria prevention, yet despite continued delivery of such interventions, transmission persists in many areas. A major factor contributing to this is the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vectors that, in part, drive the differences observed in malaria transmission biology and epidemiology at both global and national scales. Entomological data is essential in guiding appropriate, effective, and cost-efficient malaria interventions and can identify gaps in existing control measures; however, most governments of malaria endemic countries lack the resources to carry out detailed investigations of vector dynamics. Building upon the infrastructure, expertise, and relationships developed by the Southern Africa ICEMR, and utilizing the more than 4 years of entomologic data generated under that study, this projects aims to define and extrapolate risk of vector exposure in the context of ongoing programmatic control at a high transmission setting along the northern Zambia/Democratic Republic of Congo border and at a low transmission setting in southern Zambia. It is expected that vector composition and behaviors will differ geographically, resulting in the varied epidemiology of disease in each setting. A total profile, including both indoor and outdoor biting anophelines, with a focus on secondary vectors, will provide a much more comprehensive understanding of vector biology and residual transmission. Vector activity overlaid with data of human behavior will allow quantification of exposure that cannot be controlled by indoor-targeted interventions. Heterogeneity in human attractiveness will be studied using state-of-the-art analyses of human odors. We will use satellite-derived variables and climate data from both stationary weather stations and those remotely sensed to generate entomological risk maps over time for the study areas and extend to areas where entomological collections cannot be conducted. Finally, we will utilize changes in parasite genetic diversity in vector mosquitoes as an indicator of successful vector control and reduction of transmission in high transmission settings in Zambia and the DRC. These data will help guide better targeting and evaluation of control interventions in these areas and areas with similar ecology.

抽象的 在过去的五年中，控制疟疾的进展一直很大，估计减少 疟疾造成的全球死亡人数为60％，疟疾病例下降了37％。尽管采用了淘汰 许多国家的策略，撒哈拉以南非洲仍然承担着全球疟疾负担的大部分，带有 在世界这一地区，每年438,000例死亡中有90％以上。向量控制是支柱 预防疟疾，尽管继续提供这种干预措施，但许多 区域。促成此的一个主要因素是向量的空间和时间异质性，部分驱动 全球和国家量表的疟疾传播生物学和流行病学中观察到的差异。 昆虫学数据对于指导适当，有效和成本效益的疟疾干预措施至关重要 可以识别现有控制措施中的空白；但是，疟疾流行国家的大多数政府缺乏 对向量动态进行详细研究的资源。建立基础设施， 专业知识以及南部非洲ICEMR建立的关系，并利用超过4年的 该研究生成的昆虫学数据，该项目旨在定义和推断向量的风险 在沿北部高传输设置的持续程序控制的背景下暴露 赞比亚/刚果民主共和国边境以及赞比亚南部的传播环境低。这是 预计矢量组成和行为在地理上会有所不同，从而导致流行病学多样化 在每种情况下疾病。总体概况，包括室内和室外咬人的截骨线，重点是 次要矢量将对媒介生物学和残留物提供更全面的理解 传播。与人类行为数据覆盖的矢量活动将允许量化暴露 无法通过室内靶向干预措施来控制。将研究人类吸引力的异质性 使用对人类气味的最新分析。我们将使用卫星衍生的变量和气候数据 两个固定的气象站和那些遥不可及的人会随着时间的流逝而产生昆虫学风险图 研究区域并扩展到无法进行昆虫学收集的地区。最后，我们会的 利用媒介蚊子中寄生虫遗传多样性的变化作为成功矢量控制的指标 并减少赞比亚和刚果民主共和国高传输设置中的传输。这些数据将有助于指导 更好地靶向和评估具有相似生态的这些领域和地区的控制干预措施。