Transmission

传播

• 批准号: 8689894
• 负责人: DOUGLAS E NORRIS
• 金额: $ 35.69万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8689894
• 关键词: Affect; Africa; African; Agriculture; Americas; Animal Feed; Anopheles Genus; Anopheles gambiae; Area; Asia; Attention; Beds; Behavior; Biochemistry; Biological; Biological Assay; Biology; Bionomics; Blood; Collection; Communities; Complex; Culicidae; Data; Development; Drops; Droughts; Ecology; Epidemiology; Exhibits; Feeding behaviors; Feeds; Foundations; Frequencies; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Research; Genetic Variation; Goals; Government; Home environment; Household; Human; Human Bites; Infection; Insecta; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Intervention; Investments; Knowledge; Malaria; Measures; Metabolic; Molecular Analysis; Parasites; Permethrin; Population; Population Biology; Population Distributions; Population Genetics; Population Sizes; Population Study; Predisposition; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Residual state; Resistance; Resistance profile; Rest; Rural; Seasons; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Site; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sporozoites; Structure; Surveys; Survivors; Target Populations; Time; Zambia; Zimbabwe; agricultural activity; base; cost effective; evidence base; falls; feeding; genetic analysis; migration; preference; programs; resistance mechanism; response; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector mosquito

Human malaria is exclusively vectored by anopheline mosquitoes. In southern Africa the most important of these vector species are An. arabiensis, An. gambiae, and An. funestus, with An. arabiensis having a wider range and considerably greater ecological and biological plasficity. The relafive distribution and abundance of these vectors vary ecologically and geographically. The study sites targeted in this proposal not only reflect differences in malaria transmission biology and intensity, but also ecological differences that affect these vector differences. Transmission biology is largely affected by mosquito behavior and their response to mosquito-based control measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). ITNs are widely distributed throughout south Africa and represent an enormous investment. ITNs not only provide a physical barrier to mosquitoes, but it is also well known that ITNs repel insects, encouraging mosquitoes to feed on alternative hosts. In some areas of southern Africa, however, mosquitoes have continued to almost exclusively target human hosts, despite the distribution and use of ITNs. Recent data from West Africa have shown that in some areas the repellency, typically induced by ITN use, fails and resistant mosquitoes are not deterred from taking human blood meals. Therefore, understanding the bionomics, foraging behavior, levels of insecficide resistance and population genetics and distribufion are integral for guiding selecfion and implementation of effective and appropriate malaria interventions within the southern African region. Aim 1) Characterize the bionomics and entomological inoculafion rates (EIR) of malaria vectors in each of the three study sites. Characterize the community structure of malaria vector populations in southern Africa and further characterize the feeding and resfing behavior of Anopheles arabiensis in southern Africa. Aim 2) Survey insecticide susceptibility of vector populations at all three field sites and to determine the mechanisms of insecficide resistance. Aim 3) Conduct populafion genefic analysis of Anopheles arabiensis populafions using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

人类疟疾仅由蚊子蚊子载体。在南部非洲，这些矢量物种中最重要的是。阿拉伯语，一个。冈比亚和。 funestus，阿拉伯人具有更大的范围，并且生态和生物学质量更大。这些载体的重新分布和丰度在生态和地理上各不相同。该提案中针对的研究地点不仅反映了疟疾传播生物学和强度的差异，还反映了影响这些载体差异的生态差异。传播生物学在很大程度上受蚊子行为的影响及其对基于蚊子的控制措施的反应，例如杀虫剂处理的床网（ITN）。 ITN在整个南非广泛分布，代表了巨额投资。 ITN不仅为蚊子提供了物理障碍，而且众所周知，ITN驱除昆虫，鼓励蚊子以替代宿主为食。然而，在南部非洲的某些地区，尽管ITN的分布和使用，蚊子几乎继续瞄准人类寄主。来自西非的最新数据表明，在某些地区，通常由ITN使用，失败和抵抗性蚊子引起的驱除措施并没有阻止服用人类血液粉。因此，了解植物学，觅食行为，不固定的抗药性和人口遗传学和分布水平是指导和实施南部非洲地区有效且适当的疟疾干预措施的组成部分。目标1）表征 三个研究部位中每个疟疾载体的生物学和昆虫接种率（EIR）。 特征是南部非洲疟疾媒介种群的社区结构，进一步 特征是南部非洲阿拉伯菌的喂养和重塑行为。目标2）调查载体种群在所有三个现场位点的杀虫剂敏感性，并确定不固定性的机制。目的3）使用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记进行对河流人群的人口基因缺乏分析。