Technology Research and Development Project 3 (Characterizing and Modifying Cortical Processes)

技术研发项目3（表征和修改皮质过程）

• 批准号: 10456338
• 负责人: GERWIN SCHALK
• 金额: $ 21.69万
• 依托单位: ALBANY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-10 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10456338
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anatomy; Area; Auditory; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; California; Clinical; Collaborations; Computing Methodologies; Dependence; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Functional Imaging; Funding; Gambling; Generations; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Maps; Methods; Modality; Neurologic Effect; Parkinson Disease; Persons; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Scientist; Site; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stroke; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Variant; Work; base; conditioning; cortex mapping; design; disability; efficacy testing; imaging system; improved; learning strategy; nervous system disorder; neurophysiology; neurotechnology; new technology; novel; relating to nervous system; response; technology research and development

Neurological disorders affect millions of people in the United States and worldwide. Better understanding of the short-term changes and the persistent changes that result from precisely targeted electrical stimulation of brain networks can lead to novel technologies that improve diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Intracranial recording/stimulation techniques using electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes on the brain surface and/or depth electrodes (stereoencephalography (SEEG)) provide a powerful method for spatially and temporally precise recording and stimulation, but current stimulation protocols are based largely on trial-and-error and thus are probably suboptimal. Taking optimal advantage of ECoG/SEEG requires the ability to design adaptive record- ing/stimulation protocols that induce specific beneficial changes in the brain processes underlying behavior. The work proposed here will address this need by creating a stimulation-based system that can map cortical/subcortical functional networks and can modulate these networks so as to restore brain function. TR&D3's long-term goal is to develop and iteratively optimize a new generation of adaptive neurotechnologies that can introduce predictable changes in brain networks, and to clinically test the efficacy of those technologies for alleviating the devastating effects of neurological disorders such as stroke. To achieve this goal, TR&D3 has two Specific Aims: Aim 1. To establish the short-term changes in network activity and resulting behavior that are produced by electrical stimulation. Aim 1 comprises two studies. The first study will use electrical stimulation to establish which and how brain networks are activated by electrical stimulation of specific locations. The second study will determine how input produced by electrical stimulation interacts with moment-by-moment variations in cortical excitability to produce population-level responses. Aim 2. To establish the persistent changes to network activity resulting from electrical stimulation. The first study will determine to what extent stimulus-induced changes modify behavior in the short term and the long-term. The second study will assess the dependence of these changes on stimulus amplitude. These two aims will produce a stimulation-based functional imaging system. To validate and optimize this novel system, TR&D3 will engage in two collaborative projects with scientists at the University of California (Berkeley) and at MIT. Together, these collaborations will establish the effectiveness and value of the new stimulation-based functional imaging system. By accomplishing these aims, TR&D3 should produce new understanding of how electrical stimulation produces short-term and persistent changes in brain function. It should also create a new clinical system that can map brain networks and can target specific beneficial changes in function. Thus, this work should increase scientific understanding and enhance treatment for a range of neurological disorders.

神经系统疾病影响着美国和全世界数百万人。 精确定向大脑电刺激导致的短期变化和持续变化 网络可以带来改善这些疾病的诊断和治疗的新技术。 使用大脑表面皮质电图 (ECoG) 电极进行颅内记录/刺激技术 和/或深度电极（立体脑描记术（SEEG））提供了一种强大的空间和时间方法 精确的记录和刺激，但当前的刺激方案很大程度上基于反复试验，因此 可能不是最优的 利用 ECoG/SEEG 需要设计自适应记录的能力。 诱导大脑处理潜在行为的特定有益变化的刺激/刺激方案。 这里提出的工作将通过创建一个基于刺激的系统来满足这一需求，该系统可以映射皮质/皮质下 功能网络并可以调节这些网络以恢复大脑功能。 TR&D3 的长期目标是开发并迭代优化新一代自适应神经技术 可以在大脑网络中引入可预测的变化，并临床测试这些技术的功效 减轻中风等神经系统疾病的破坏性影响 为了实现这一目标，TR&D3 有两个目标。 具体目标： 目标 1. 确定网络活动的短期变化以及由电力产生的行为 目标 1 包括两项研究，第一项研究将使用电刺激来确定哪种刺激。 第二项研究将确定如何通过特定位置的电刺激来激活大脑网络。 电刺激产生的输入如何与皮质兴奋性的时刻变化相互作用 产生人口层面的反应。 目标 2. 确定电刺激引起的网络活动的持续变化。 将决定刺激引起的变化在多大程度上改变短期和长期的行为。 第二项研究将评估这些变化对刺激幅度的依赖性。 这两个目标将产生一个基于刺激的功能成像系统来验证和优化这一新颖的系统。 TR&D3 将与加州大学（伯克利）科学家开展两个合作项目 在麻省理工学院，这些合作将共同确立新的基于刺激的有效性和价值。 功能成像系统。 通过实现这些目标，TR&D3 应该对电刺激如何产生新的认识 它还应该创建一个可以绘制大脑功能的短期和持续变化的新临床系统。 因此，这项工作应该增加科学性。 了解并加强对一系列神经系统疾病的治疗。