Urban planning, siting of air pollution sources, and asthma disparities

城市规划、空气污染源选址和哮喘差异

• 批准号: 10567693
• 负责人: Elizabeth C. Matsui
• 金额: $ 58.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-27 至 2027-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10567693
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Air; Air Pollution; Asthma; Black Populations; Black race; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Cities; Communities; County; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disparity; Emergency department visit; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Fostering; Green space; Hazardous Waste; Health; Healthcare; Home; Individual; Inequity; Intervention; Latinx; Latinx population; Link; Location; Lung; Lung diseases; Measures; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Power Plants; Pulmonary Inflammation; Race; Regulation; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Source; Testing; Texas; Work; design; environmental disparity; environmental health disparity; environmental justice; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; fine particles; health disparity; hospitalization rates; lung health; minority communities; neighborhood disadvantage; novel strategies; pulmonary function; racial disparity; racial minority; segregation; sociodemographics; socioeconomic disadvantage; success; urban planning

PROJECT SUMMARY Racial and ethnic minority communities experience poorer outdoor air quality and face greater burdens of lung disease, particularly from asthma. The close proximity of minority neighborhoods to both fixed and mobile air pollution sources combined with the disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity among these populations supports the overarching hypothesis that racial and ethnic disparities in asthma are caused by urban planning policies that result in exposure to more toxic sources of air pollution (AP). We propose the following Specific Aims to test this hypothesis: 1) To characterize AP sources, estimate AP concentrations, and examine their associations with neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics across the State of Texas. 2) To identify the AP sources that contribute to racial and ethnic childhood asthma disparities. 3) To explore the effects of zoning and gentrification on the distribution of AP sources across neighborhoods in Travis County. Evidence supporting this hypothesis would constitute a major advance by (1) identifying AP sources that contribute directly to childhood lung health disparities and (2) linking urban planning decisions to inequities in the location of AP sources. The proposed work would fill a critical evidence gap needed to develop new approaches to AP regulation and urban planning, which would be strongly positioned to meaningfully reduce lung health health disparities.

项目摘要 种族和少数民族社区的室外空气质量较差，面临更大的肺部负担 疾病，特别是哮喘。少数民族社区与固定空气和移动空气的近距离 这些人群中哮喘发病的负担不成比例的污染来源 支持总体假设，即哮喘中的种族和种族差异是由城市引起的 计划政策，导致暴露于更多有毒的空气污染来源（AP）。我们建议 遵循特定的目的是检验以下假设：1）表征AP源，估计AP浓度和 检查他们与德克萨斯州邻里社会人口统计学特征的关联。 2） 确定有助于种族和种族童年哮喘差异的AP来源。 3）探索 分区和绅士化对特拉维斯县社区跨社区的AP来源分布的影响。 支持这一假设的证据将构成（1）确定AP来源的重大进步 直接为儿童肺部健康差异做出贡献，（2）将城市规划决定与不平等联系起来 AP来源的位置。拟议的工作将填补开发新的关键证据差距 AP监管和城市规划的方法，这将是有意义地降低的 肺部健康差异。