Neurocognition and Performance after Moderate Drinking in Older Adults

老年人适度饮酒后的神经认知和表现

• 批准号: 7979497
• 负责人: SARA JO NIXON
• 金额: $ 51.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-10 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7979497
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Blood; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cardiovascular system; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Data; Decision Making; Dependence; Dissociation; Dose; Double-Blind Method; Drug Kinetics; Elderly; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Female; Gender; Impairment; Individual; Injury; Legal; Life Style; Light; Limb structure; Literature; Measures; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neurocognition; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Placebo Effect; Placebos; Population; Principal Investigator; Process; Quality of life; Randomized; Recommendation; Risk; Sampling; Sex Characteristics; Short-Term Memory; Speed; Ursidae Family; Variant; Visual attention; Work; age effect; age group; age related; alcohol effect; base; breath alcohol measurement; cognitive change; design; directed attention; drinking; healthy aging; innovation; male; middle age; neurobehavioral; neurobehavioral test; neurophysiology; placebo controlled study; public health relevance; response; selective attention; shift work; simulation; skills; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There has been increasing attention directed to the potential benefits of moderate drinking, particularly in middle-aged to older adults. Importantly, most of this work has focused on moderate drinking as a lifestyle, without direct consideration of the acute effects of moderate doses of alcohol on older drinkers (i.e., moderate drinking as an event). Little is known about the effects of moderate doses of acute alcohol on neurocognitive, neurophysiological and performance measures among healthy adults in middle to later adulthood. From a scientific perspective, the absence of these data restrains conclusions regarding the direct effects of alcohol on behavior as well as the compensatory neurobehavioral mechanisms that may impact outcome. From a clinical perspective, the absence of data greatly restrains recommendations regarding the short-term risks associated with bouts of moderate drinking for a growing segment of the population. Pilot work (partial support, NIAAA R03AA14039, Nixon, principal investigator) revealed age effects suggesting that a low dose of alcohol negatively affected performance on the ascending limb to a greater extent than on the descending limb, but only for older (as opposed to younger) participants/subjects (Ss). Interestingly, the older group was also less aware of their deficits. Importantly, age-related differences in pharmacokinetics could not account for these results [40]. Interestingly, visual attention assessed at peak breath alcohol concentration (~.04 percent) was impaired equally for older Ss who received alcohol and those who actually received placebo but believed they had received alcohol [39] [See Section 3]. Unfortunately, representation across the conditions was not sufficient to allow gender- related analyses. These data provide conceptual guidance and reinforce the feasibility of and need for a systematic study that includes a greater dose range, larger samples for gender analyses, and more comprehensive neurobehavioral assessments. Therefore, we propose a double-blind placebo controlled study using a 2 (age: younger (25-35)/older (55-70)) by 2 (gender) by 3 (placebo, low (~.04 percent), and moderate (~. 065 percent)) alcohol dose factorial design to clarify the main and interactive effects of these variables on psychomotor speed, set-shifting abilities, attentional processes, and complex integrated behavior (i.e., driving simulation). To enhance the theoretical import of the work, we bring current models of cognitive aging to bear. The study has significant relevance to basic and applied studies of moderate (i.e., legal) levels of acute alcohol, healthy aging and cognition, and gender differences in sensitivity to the neurobehavioral effects of alcohol administration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There has been increasing attention to potential cardiovascular and quality of life benefits associated with a moderate drinking lifestyle, particularly in middle aged to older adults. However, little systematic work has focused on the acute effects of these moderate doses on cognitive and performance variables critical to effective higher order functions including decision-making and tracking information. Building on our pilot work, this project compares performance between male and female older and younger moderate drinkers under 3 alcohol conditions designed to achieve zero blood alcohol concentration (placebo (0), a low level (~.04 percent) or a moderate level (~ .065 percent) to examine 1) to what extent and under what low-to-moderate alcohol doses older adults may demonstrate differential sensitivity and 2) whether older drinkers can accurately anticipate alcohol- related deficits. The findings will not only allow us to disentangle age from alcohol effects on neurocognitive tasks, but also shed light on differential risk for injury and negative outcome associated with episodes of moderate drinking among non-problem, older drinkers.

描述（由申请人提供）：人们越来越关注适量饮酒的潜在益处，特别是对于中老年人。重要的是，这项工作的大部分内容都集中在适度饮酒作为一种生活方式，而没有直接考虑适度剂量的酒精对老年饮酒者的急性影响（即，适度饮酒作为一种事件）。关于中等剂量的急性酒精对中后期健康成年人的神经认知、神经生理学和表现测量的影响知之甚少。从科学的角度来看，这些数据的缺乏限制了关于酒精对行为的直接影响以及可能影响结果的补偿性神经行为机制的结论。从临床角度来看，数据的缺乏极大地限制了关于对越来越多的人群适度饮酒相关的短期风险的建议。试点工作（部分支持，NIAAA R03AA14039，尼克松，首席研究员）揭示了年龄效应，表明低剂量的酒精对上肢性能的负面影响比对下肢的影响更大，但仅限于老年人（而不是年轻人） ) 参与者/受试者 (Ss)。有趣的是，年龄较大的群体也不太意识到自己的缺陷。重要的是，与年龄相关的药代动力学差异无法解释这些结果[40]。有趣的是，在呼吸酒精浓度峰值（~0.04%）时评估的视觉注意力对于接受酒精的老年 Ss 和那些实际接受安慰剂但相信自己已经接受酒精的人来说同样受到损害 [39] [参见第 3 节]。不幸的是，不同条件下的代表性不足以进行性别相关分析。这些数据提供了概念指导，并强化了系统研究的可行性和必要性，其中包括更大的剂量范围、更大的性别分析样本以及更全面的神经行为评估。因此，我们提出一项双盲安慰剂对照研究，使用 2（年龄：年轻 (25-35)/年长 (55-70)）× 2（性别）× 3（安慰剂，低（~.04%），和中等（~. 065%））酒精剂量因子设计，以阐明这些变量对精神运动速度、设定转换能力、注意力过程和复杂综合行为（即驾驶 模拟）。为了增强这项工作的理论重要性，我们采用了当前的认知衰老模型。该研究与中等（即合法）水平的急性酒精、健康老龄化和认知以及对饮酒神经行为影响的敏感性的性别差异的基础和应用研究具有重要意义。 公众健康相关性：人们越来越关注与适度饮酒生活方式相关的潜在心血管和生活质量益处，特别是在中老年人中。然而，很少有系统的工作关注这些中等剂量对认知和表现变量的急性影响，这些变量对于有效的高阶功能（包括决策和跟踪信息）至关重要。在我们的试点工作的基础上，该项目比较了男性和女性老年和年轻适度饮酒者在 3 种酒精条件下的表现，旨在实现零血液酒精浓度（安慰剂 (0)、低水平 (~.04%) 或中等水平 ( ~ .065%) 来检查 1) 老年人在多大程度上以及在低至中等酒精剂量下可能表现出不同的敏感性，以及 2) 老年饮酒者是否能够准确预测与酒精相关的缺陷。这些发现不仅使我们能够将年龄与酒精对神经认知任务的影响分开，而且还揭示了在无问题的老年饮酒者中与适度饮酒相关的受伤风险和负面结果的差异。