Impact of Airborne Heavy Metals on Lung Disease and the Environment

空气中重金属对肺部疾病和环境的影响

• 批准号: 10263534
• 负责人: Veena B. Antony
• 金额: $ 11.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-16 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10263534
• 关键词: Address; Aerosols; Affect; Air; Alabama; Appointment; Area; Businesses; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Caliber; Cellulose; Characteristics; Charge; Chemicals; Chemistry; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Community Healthcare; Complement; Coupled; Data; Data Collection; Development; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Ecosystem; Electrons; Environment; Equipment; Equipment and Supplies; Evaluation; Face; Feedback; Fiber; Filtration; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Heavy Metals; Housing; Hybrids; Joints; Laboratories; Length; Lignin; Liquid substance; Lung diseases; Manufactured form; Masks; Medical Waste; Methods; Morphology; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Oils; Particulate Matter; Pathway interactions; Persons; Polypropylenes; Porosity; Process; Production; Provider; Questionnaires; Reporting; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Sampling; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Science; Side; Soil; Solid; Spectrum Analysis; Statistical Data Interpretation; Surface; Surveys; Technology; Tennessee; Testing; Textiles; Time; Training; Tube; Universities; Ventilator; Virus; Weight; Width; Work; base; carbon fiber; cost; density; design; face mask; flexibility; improved; infrared spectroscopy; innovation; landfill; medical supply; melting; meter; micropore; patient-level barriers; regenerative; remediation; response; submicron; time use

Our current P42 project (Project 5) deals with natural and recycled fiber materials for filtration targeted toward soil remediation. This supplemental funding request (for Project 5) directly addresses the needs of the growing COVID-19 pandemic, with the base theme of natural fibers as filtration media for personal protection. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic exponentially increases the risk to the P42 community not only from the soil/air contamination with particulate matter and heavy metals, but now the added risk of the virus. Providing low cost reusable and biodegradable personal protection equipment (PPE) solutions to the community will be of immense value. One of the most needed items are PPE masks not only for the health care provider but the public at large. There is growing use of masks of all make ups and configurations, and their use is going to multiply exponentially. The various federal briefings have emphasized the need for a mask for every person, and over 500 million masks could be worn on daily basis world-wide. Hundreds of millions of N95 masks are in production and use worldwide. For the most part, these are disposed after single use (2-3 times at the most) which will result in gigantic quantities in landfill. This will result in massive detrimental environmental implications for years to come. In this project we propose innovative yet practical science to develop natural fiber (biobased) biodegradable filter materials that will meet the NIOSH standards for N95 filter efficiency (FE). The biobased solution is based on sub-micron regenerative cellulose natural fibers (RNCF) and small amounts of textile grade carbon fiber (TCF) that will be designed for turboelectric charging that impart the interaction to capture and kill the virus(es). The RNCF based filter material will be equally effective in lieu (or complement) of the synthetic polypropylene (PP) based 2 µm diameter, 50 grams per square meter (gsm) filter materials (not biodegradable) currently used in the N95 masks. The work will deliver a tangible full concept to product solution for implementing the RNCF material in reusable masks that the team is already developing. The entire solution will be environmentally friendly, safe and will meet NIOSH standards. The materials developed in this project will be tested against the NIOSH 42 CFR 84 for a minimum 95% filtration efficiency against solid and liquid aerosols that do not contain oil. The product will be disseminated to the P42 ecosystem including the health care providers and the community. The feedback from these groups will be sought in the form of surveys, questionnaires, training and the data will be statistically analyzed and become a part of the main P42 grant. The project is collaborative between The University of Tennessee (UT), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), University of Alabama at Birmingham and the P42 community.

我们当前的 P42 项目（项目 5）涉及天然和再生纤维材料，用于目标过滤 该补充资金请求（项目 5）直接满足了土壤修复的需求。 COVID-19 疫情日益严重，其基本主题是天然纤维作为个人防护的过滤介质。 COVID-19 大流行的迅速蔓延不仅使 P42 社区面临的风险成倍增加 土壤/空气受到颗粒物和重金属污染，但现在病毒的风险增加了。 为社区提供低成本、可重复使用和可生物降解的个人防护装备 (PPE) 解决方案 不仅对医疗保健提供者来说，最需要的物品之一是个人防护装备（PPE）。 但广大公众越来越多地使用各种成分和配置的口罩，而且它们的使用仍在继续。 各种联邦简报都强调每个人都需要戴口罩， 全球每天可佩戴超过 5 亿个口罩，其中有数亿个 N95 口罩。 大多数情况下，这些产品在全球范围内生产和使用后会被丢弃（最多 2-3 次）。 这将导致大量垃圾填埋，从而对环境造成巨大破坏。 在这个项目中，我们提出创新而实用的科学来开发天然纤维（生物基）。 可生物降解的过滤材料，符合 NIOSH 的 N95 过滤效率 (FE) 标准。 该解决方案基于亚微米再生纤维素天然纤维 (RNCF) 和少量纺织级 碳纤维（TCF）将被设计用于涡轮充电，赋予捕获和杀伤的相互作用 基于 RNCF 的过滤材料将同样有效地替代（或补充）合成材料。 基于聚丙烯 (PP) 的 2 µm 直径、50 克每平方米 (gsm) 过滤材料（不可生物降解） 目前用于 N95 口罩的这项工作将为产品解决方案提供切实可行的完整概念。 该团队已经在开发可重复使用口罩中的 RNCF 材料。 该项目开发的材料环保、安全，符合 NIOSH 标准。 根据 NIOSH 42 CFR 84 进行测试，对固体和液体气溶胶的过滤效率至少为 95% 该产品将传播到 P42 生态系统，包括医疗保健提供者。 将以调查、问卷的形式征求这些群体的反馈意见， 培训和数据将得到仔细分析，并成为该项目主要 P42 拨款的一部分。 田纳西大学 (UT)、橡树岭国家实验室 (ORNL)、田纳西大学 阿拉巴马州伯明翰和 P42 社区。