Animal and plant proteins and glucose metabolism

动植物蛋白与糖代谢

基本信息

批准号：
10089440
负责人：
Samuel Klein
金额：
$ 56.8万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-04-01 至 2024-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10089440
关键词：
Acids Acute Adult Adverse effects Aliquot Amino Acids Animal Structures Animals Biological Biopsy Blood Glucose C-Peptide Cell Wall Chronic Complex Consumption Data Diet Dietary Component Dietary Intervention Dietary Proteins Disease Edible Plants FGF21 gene Fabaceae Food Fortified Food Future GTP-Binding Proteins Glucagon Glucose Glucose Clamp Glucose Plasma Concentration Goals Health Hepatic Hormones Human Hyperinsulinism Impairment Indican Infusion procedures Ingestion Insulin Insulin Resistance Intervention Trial Lead Lectin Inhibitor Liver Meat Mediating Metabolic Metabolic dysfunction Mus Muscle Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Oral Outcome Participant Plant Proteins Plants Plasma Population Study Procedures Production Protease Inhibitor Proteins Randomized Risk Source Stable Isotope Labeling Sulfate Testing Tracer United States Valine Vascular Plant Volatile Fatty Acids Woman base blood glucose regulation diabetes risk glucagon-like peptide 1 glucose disposal glucose metabolism glucose production improved insulin secretion insulin sensitivity insulin signaling men microbial obesity prevention protein intake protein metabolism protein metabolite response stool sample trend

项目摘要

Abstract Nearly 65% of adults in the United States actively try to increase their protein intake by consuming naturally protein-rich foods and foods and drinks fortified with protein isolates to improve their health. However, data from recent population studies have shown high protein consumption is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). This adverse effect might be specific to the type of protein consumed because several studies have found high animal protein, but not high plant protein, consumption was associated with increased T2D risk. There is experimental evidence from studies conducted in people and in mice to support a causal relationship between dietary protein intake and metabolic dysfunction. However, the effect of chronic high protein intake on glucose homeostasis and the mechanisms that cause protein-mediated metabolic dysfunction are not known. The reason(s) for the differences in the metabolic effects observed between high animal protein and high plant protein consumption are also not known, but could be due to differences in the amino acid composition and structure of animal and plant proteins per se and/or their biological matrix, which includes complex cell walls, lectins, and protease inhibitors in protein-rich plant foods, that can impair gut microbial access to proteins and/or induce the microbial production of beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. The goal of this proposal is to determine the effect of a high- protein diet in which the increase in protein intake is derived from different sources (animal vs plant and protein-rich whole foods vs protein isolates) on: i) liver and muscle insulin sensitivity; ii) the metabolic response to a meal, and iii) 24-h plasma concentration profiles of glucose, glucoregulatory hormones, and protein-derived metabolites purported to cause metabolic dysfunction. Our overarching hypothesis is that diets enriched with either animal or plant protein isolates, or animal protein-rich whole foods, but not plant protein-rich whole foods, cause alterations in the plasma hormones and protein metabolites that can cause insulin resistance and stimulate hepatic glucose production, thereby raising 24-h plasma glucose concentration.

抽象的近 65% 的美国成年人积极尝试增加蛋白质摄入量食用富含天然蛋白质的食物以及添加分离蛋白的食物和饮料改善他们的健康。然而，最近的人口研究数据表明高蛋白质消费与患 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的风险增加相关。这不良影响可能特定于所消耗的蛋白质类型，因为多项研究表明发现动物蛋白含量高，但植物蛋白含量不高，食用量与 T2D 风险增加。对人和动物进行的研究有实验证据小鼠支持膳食蛋白质摄入与代谢功能障碍之间的因果关系。然而，长期高蛋白摄入对葡萄糖稳态的影响及其机制导致蛋白质介导的代谢功能障碍的原因尚不清楚。原因高动物蛋白和高植物蛋白之间观察到的代谢效应的差异消耗量也不清楚，但可能是由于氨基酸组成的差异以及动物和植物蛋白质本身和/或其生物基质的结构，其中包括富含蛋白质的植物性食物中含有复杂的细胞壁、凝集素和蛋白酶抑制剂，可能损害肠道微生物获取蛋白质和/或诱导微生物产生有益的代谢物，例如短链脂肪酸。该提案的目标是确定高的效果蛋白质饮食，其中蛋白质摄入量的增加来自不同来源（动物与植物和富含蛋白质的天然食品与分离蛋白）对： i) 肝脏和肌肉胰岛素敏感性； ii) 对膳食的代谢反应，以及 iii) 24 小时血浆葡萄糖浓度曲线，葡萄糖调节激素和据称会引起代谢的蛋白质衍生代谢物功能障碍。我们的首要假设是富含动物或植物蛋白质的饮食分离物或富含动物蛋白的天然食品，但不是富含植物蛋白的天然食品，导致血浆激素和蛋白质代谢物的改变可导致胰岛素抵抗并刺激肝葡萄糖产生，从而提高24小时血浆葡萄糖浓度。