Compact Pulse Slicer for High-Power Submillimeter Waves

适用于高功率亚毫米波的紧凑型脉冲限幅器

• 批准号: 10081781
• 负责人: Thorsten Maly
• 金额: $ 77.15万
• 依托单位: BRIDGE 12 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10081781
• 关键词: Amplifiers; Behavior; California; Cell physiology; Complement; Complex; Computer software; Defect; Development; Discipline; Disease; Drops; Drug Industry; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Elements; Engineering; Ensure; Equipment; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Health; Heart; Joints; Knowledge; Lasers; Life; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetism; Mechanics; Membrane Proteins; Methodology; Methods; Mission; NMR Spectroscopy; Nature; Nuclear; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Optics; Organism; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiological Processes; Play; Price; Proliferating; Radiation; Research; Research Activity; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Shapes; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Work; X-Ray Crystallography; base; cost; cost effective; data quality; design; disability; experimental study; instrument; instrumentation; interest; macromolecule; magnetic field; microwave electromagnetic radiation; operation; programs; prototype; structural biology; three dimensional structure; tool; transmission process; usability

Project Summary / Abstract Complex bio-macromolecules such as membrane proteins play crucial roles in many cellular and physiological processes and specific defects are associated with many known. Determining their three- dimensional structures is one of the main objectives in structural biology and the NIH devotes considerable resources towards this goal. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are the major sources for such information. In addition, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, in particular dipolar spectroscopy (PELDOR/DEER/RIDME) is a valuable source for accurate distance information to complement other methods for structure determination. However, NMR suffers from an inherently low sensitivity due to the small nuclear magnetic moment. Long acquisition times are required to achieve sufficient data quality. Combining NMR with Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a great way to overcome this limit, boosting sensitivity and shortening acquisition times by several orders of magnitude. In recent years DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy has become an integral part of the NMR spectroscopists toolbox, because the method enables researchers to perform experiments that were previously not possible. While DNP can increase the sensitivity of an NMR experiment drastically, the methodology scales very unfavorably with the magnetic field strength, leading to lower enhancement values at higher magntice fields. This is common to all DNP mechanisms based on continuous wave (cw) radiation of the sample. Pulsed DNP experiments on the other hand do not show this behavior. However, the common approach of creating/shaping pulses at low powers (~ mW) and amplifying them (> 10-100 W) does not work because of the lack of high- power/high-frequency microwave/THz amplifiers. In this SBIR application we propose to develop a compact, turn-key pulse slicer to generate short, high- power pulses from cw sources such as gyrotrons, that are commonly used in DNP-NMR experiments. The system will be easy to operate even for non-microwave engineers and can be readily integrated into existing setups. The successful development of this pulse slicer will bring desperately needed pulse capabilities to systems that otherwise can only be operated in cw mode. This will greatly proliferate the method and is of large interest to many projects funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

项目摘要 /摘要 复杂的生物大分子（例如膜蛋白）在许多细胞中起着至关重要的作用 生理过程和特定缺陷与许多已知的相关。确定他们的三 尺寸结构是结构生物学的主要目标之一，NIH致力于相当大的目标 资源实现这一目标。 X射线晶体学和NMR光谱是此类的主要来源 信息。另外，电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱，特别是偶极 光谱法（Peldor/Deer/Ridme）是准确距离信息的宝贵来源 结构确定的其他方法。但是，NMR遭受了固有的低灵敏度 小核磁矩。需要长时间的收购时间才能达到足够的数据质量。结合 具有动态核极化（DNP）的NMR是克服这一极限，提高灵敏度和的好方法 将采集时间缩短了几个数量级。近年来DNP增强的NMR光谱 已成为NMR光谱学家工具箱的组成部分，因为该方法使研究人员能够 执行以前不可能的实验。 虽然DNP可以大大提高NMR实验的敏感性，但该方法学的尺度非常非常 与磁场强度不利，导致较高的磁场场的增强值较低。 这对于基于样品的连续波（CW）辐射的所有DNP机制都是常见的。脉冲DNP 另一方面，实验并未显示这种行为。但是，创建/塑造的常见方法 低功率（〜mW）的脉冲并放大它们（> 10-100 W），因为缺乏高 功率/高频微波/THZ放大器。 在此SBIR应用中，我们建议开发一个紧凑的交钥匙脉冲切片机，以生成短而高的 来自DNP-NMR实验中通常使用的CW来源的功率脉冲，例如Gyrotrons。这 即使对于非微波工程师，系统也将易于操作，并且可以轻松地集成到现有 设置。 该脉冲切片机的成功开发将使迫切需要的脉搏能力为 否则只能在CW模式下操作的系统。这将极大地扩散该方法，并且很大 美国国立卫生研究院资助的许多项目的兴趣。