Lifecourse Stressors and Social Disparities in Cognitive Aging: The Roles of Social Networks and Sleep Disturbance

认知老化中的生命历程压力源和社会差异：社交网络和睡眠障碍的作用

• 批准号: 10045405
• 负责人: Ruijia Chen
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10045405
• 关键词: Academic skills; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Asians; Attention; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Buffers; California; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Data; Dementia; Development; Disadvantaged; Elderly; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Face; Fellowship; Funding; Grant; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Knowledge; Latino; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Experience; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort; Measurement; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Mentorship; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Physiology; Play; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychology; Psychometrics; Psychosocial Stress; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Proposals; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Senile Plaques; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep disturbances; Sleeplessness; Social Network; Social Sciences; Societies; Source; Stress; Structure; Time; Training; Treatment/Psychosocial Effects; United States; Work; biobehavior; career; childhood adversity; cognitive function; dementia risk; doctoral student; effective therapy; ethnic minority population; experience; health disparity; healthy aging; high risk; longitudinal analysis; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurogenesis; novel; physical conditioning; psychosocial; racial and ethnic; racial diversity; resilience; skills; social disadvantage; social disparities; social inequality; socioeconomics; stressor

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect individuals from socially disadvantaged groups, but the role of lifespan psychosocial stressors in these disparities is uncertain. Social networks are hypothesized to be key sources of resilience against psychosocial stressors, but it is unknown if they moderate the adverse effects of stressors on ADRD risk or whether the buffering provided by social networks is consistent across diverse racial/ethnic groups. Sleep disturbance is a potential biobehavioral mechanism via which stressors may increase ADRD risk, but the mediating role of sleep has not been formally evaluated. Understanding the effects of psychosocial stressors and modifiable sources of resilience and biobehavioral mechanisms on ADRD risk will guide potential interventions to reduce ADRD disparities. This proposal encompasses a training and research plan to develop the candidate’s expertise in ADRD research, preparing her to launch a career focused on reducing social inequalities in ADRD. The research proposal applies causal inference methods to elucidate the complex relationships between early social disadvantages, psychosocial and biobehavioral factors, and cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. The Specific Aims are to 1) quantify the association between cumulative stressors and cognitive function and determine how stressors explain social disparities in cognitive function (F99 dissertation research); and 2) determine the roles of social networks and sleep disturbances in the adverse effects of early-life stressors on ADRD risk across four racial/ethnic groups (K00 postdoctoral research). This research will use two large NIA-funded longitudinal cohorts:1) the Midlife Development in the United States Study (MIDUS) (F99); and 2) the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experience Study (KHANDLE), a life-course study linking risk factor data collected in mid-life (40-50 years ago) with contemporary assessments of risk factors, cognitive decline, and dementia in a sample of older non-Latino Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Latinos in California (K00). This fellowship application aligns with the 2012 National Alzheimer’s Project Act priority to address social disparities in ADRD. The proposed project will generate new knowledge and provide crucial training for the candidate’s advancement to become an independent epidemiologist focused on ADRD disparities by developing expertise in 1) measurements and mechanisms of psychosocial stress (F99); 2) causal inference methods, including mediation modeling (F99/K00); 3) the epidemiology of ADRD and quantitative ADRD research methods, including longitudinal analyses and psychometrics (K00); 4) the physiology and psychology of sleep disturbances (K00); and 5) professional skills for an academic research career (K00). The advanced training, mentorship, and protected time provided by this award will provide the candidate with the skills and experience necessary to lead the highest quality aging research and succeed as an independent investigator.

阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）对社会弱势群体的个体影响尤为严重，但寿命社会心理压力源在这些差异中的作用尚不确定。社交网络重新成为抵御心理社会压力源的关键来源，但尚不清楚它们是否能起到调节作用。压力源对 ADRD 风险的不利影响，或者社交网络提供的缓冲在不同种族/族裔群体中是否一致。睡眠障碍是一种潜在的生物行为机制，压力源可能会通过该机制增加 ADRD 风险。睡眠的中介作用尚未得到正式评估。了解心理社会压力源和可改变的弹性来源和生物行为机制对 ADRD 风险的影响将指导减少 ADRD 差异的潜在干预措施。该提案包括一项培训和研究计划，以发展候选人的专业知识。在 ADRD 研究中，她准备开展专注于减少 ADRD 中的社会不平等的职业。该研究提案应用因果推理方法来阐明早期社会劣势、心理社会和生物行为之间的复杂关系。具体目标是 1) 量化累积压力源与认知功能之间的关联，并确定压力源如何解释认知功能中的社会差异（F99 论文研究）；2) 确定社交网络的作用；和睡眠障碍对四个种族/族裔群体的早期生活压力源对 ADRD 风险的不利影响（K00 博士后研究）将使用两个由 NIA 资助的大型纵向队列：1）美国中年发展。国家研究 (MIDUS) (F99)；以及 2) 凯撒健康老龄化和多样化生活体验研究 (KHANDLE)，一项将中年（40-50 年前）收集的风险因素数据与当代评估联系起来的生命历程研究。加州老年非拉丁裔白人、黑人、亚洲人和拉丁裔样本中的风险因素、认知能力下降和痴呆症 (K00) 该奖学金申请与 2012 年全国调查一致。阿尔茨海默病项目优先解决 ADRD 中的社会差异 该拟议项目将产生新知识，并通过发展 1) 社会心理压力测量和机制 (F99) 方面的专业知识，为候选人成为专注于 ADRD 差异的独立流行病学家提供重要培训。 2）因果推理方法，包括中介模型（F99/K00）；3）ADRD流行病学和定量ADRD研究方法，包括纵向分析和心理测量学(K00)；4) 睡眠障碍的生理学和心理学 (K00)；以及 5) 学术研究职业的专业技能 (K00) 该奖项提供的高级培训、指导和保护时间将为候选人提供领导最高质量的衰老研究并成为一名成功的独立研究者所必需的技能和经验。