Lifecourse Stressors and Social Disparities in Cognitive Aging: The Roles of Social Networks and Sleep Disturbance

认知老化中的生命历程压力源和社会差异：社交网络和睡眠障碍的作用

• 批准号: 10045405
• 负责人: Ruijia Chen
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10045405
• 关键词: Academic skills; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Asians; Attention; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Buffers; California; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Data; Dementia; Development; Disadvantaged; Elderly; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Face; Fellowship; Funding; Grant; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Knowledge; Latino; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Experience; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort; Measurement; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Mentorship; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Physiology; Play; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychology; Psychometrics; Psychosocial Stress; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Proposals; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Senile Plaques; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep disturbances; Sleeplessness; Social Network; Social Sciences; Societies; Source; Stress; Structure; Time; Training; Treatment/Psychosocial Effects; United States; Work; biobehavior; career; childhood adversity; cognitive function; dementia risk; doctoral student; effective therapy; ethnic minority population; experience; health disparity; healthy aging; high risk; longitudinal analysis; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurogenesis; novel; physical conditioning; psychosocial; racial and ethnic; racial diversity; resilience; skills; social disadvantage; social disparities; social inequality; socioeconomics; stressor

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect individuals from socially disadvantaged groups, but the role of lifespan psychosocial stressors in these disparities is uncertain. Social networks are hypothesized to be key sources of resilience against psychosocial stressors, but it is unknown if they moderate the adverse effects of stressors on ADRD risk or whether the buffering provided by social networks is consistent across diverse racial/ethnic groups. Sleep disturbance is a potential biobehavioral mechanism via which stressors may increase ADRD risk, but the mediating role of sleep has not been formally evaluated. Understanding the effects of psychosocial stressors and modifiable sources of resilience and biobehavioral mechanisms on ADRD risk will guide potential interventions to reduce ADRD disparities. This proposal encompasses a training and research plan to develop the candidate’s expertise in ADRD research, preparing her to launch a career focused on reducing social inequalities in ADRD. The research proposal applies causal inference methods to elucidate the complex relationships between early social disadvantages, psychosocial and biobehavioral factors, and cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. The Specific Aims are to 1) quantify the association between cumulative stressors and cognitive function and determine how stressors explain social disparities in cognitive function (F99 dissertation research); and 2) determine the roles of social networks and sleep disturbances in the adverse effects of early-life stressors on ADRD risk across four racial/ethnic groups (K00 postdoctoral research). This research will use two large NIA-funded longitudinal cohorts:1) the Midlife Development in the United States Study (MIDUS) (F99); and 2) the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experience Study (KHANDLE), a life-course study linking risk factor data collected in mid-life (40-50 years ago) with contemporary assessments of risk factors, cognitive decline, and dementia in a sample of older non-Latino Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Latinos in California (K00). This fellowship application aligns with the 2012 National Alzheimer’s Project Act priority to address social disparities in ADRD. The proposed project will generate new knowledge and provide crucial training for the candidate’s advancement to become an independent epidemiologist focused on ADRD disparities by developing expertise in 1) measurements and mechanisms of psychosocial stress (F99); 2) causal inference methods, including mediation modeling (F99/K00); 3) the epidemiology of ADRD and quantitative ADRD research methods, including longitudinal analyses and psychometrics (K00); 4) the physiology and psychology of sleep disturbances (K00); and 5) professional skills for an academic research career (K00). The advanced training, mentorship, and protected time provided by this award will provide the candidate with the skills and experience necessary to lead the highest quality aging research and succeed as an independent investigator.

阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）对受到社会困扰群体的个人的影响不成比例，但是寿命的社会心理压力源在这些差异中的作用尚不确定。假设社交网络是针对社会心理压力源的韧性的关键来源，但是未知它们是否适应压力源对ADRD风险的不利影响，或者社交网络提供的缓冲是否在潜水员种族/族裔群体之间是一致的。睡眠障碍是一种潜在的生物行为机制，通过它可能会增加ADRD风险，但尚未正式评估睡眠的介导作用。了解社会心理压力源以及可修改的弹性和生物行为机制对ADRD风险的影响，将指导潜在的干预措施，以减少ADRD差异。该提案涵盖了一项培训和研究计划，以发展候选人在ADRD研究方面的专业知识，使她为启动致力于减少ADRD的社会不平等的职业做好准备。该研究建议采用灾难性的推论方法来阐明早期社会缺点，社会心理和生物行为因素以及老年人的认知结果之间的复杂关系。具体目的是1）量化累积压力源与认知功能之间的关联，并确定压力源如何解释认知功能中的社会差异（F99论文研究）； 2）确定社交网络和睡眠障碍在早期压力源对四个种族/族裔群体（K00博士后研究）中ADRD风险的不利影响中的作用。这项研究将使用两个大型NIA资助的纵向人群：1）美国研究的中年发展（MIDUS）（F99）； 2）Kaiser健康衰老和多样化的生活经验研究（Khandle），这是一项生活课程的研究，该研究将在中年（40-50年前）收集的风险因素数据与当代危险因素，认知能力下降和痴呆症的评估相关联，该样本中的较旧的非latino白人白人，黑人，黑人，亚洲人，亚洲人和加利福尼亚州的拉丁裔（K00）。该奖学金申请符合2012年国家阿尔茨海默氏症的项目法案的优先事项，以解决ADRD的社会差异。拟议的项目将产生新的知识，并为候选人的进步提供重要的培训，以成为一名独立的流行病学家，通过在1）中建立专业知识来重点介绍ADRD差异。 2）因果推理方法，包括调解建模（F99/K00）； 3）ADRD和定量ADRD研究方法的流行病学，包括纵向分析和心理计量学（K00）； 4）睡眠障碍的生理和心理学（K00）； 5）学术研究职业（K00）的专业技能。该奖项提供的高级培训，心态和受保护的时间将为候选人提供领导最高质量衰老研究所必需的技能和经验，并成为独立研究者。