Lifecourse Stressors and Social Disparities in Cognitive Aging: The Roles of Social Networks and Sleep Disturbance

认知老化中的生命历程压力源和社会差异：社交网络和睡眠障碍的作用

• 批准号: 10483192
• 负责人: Ruijia Chen
• 金额: $ 7.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10483192
• 关键词: Academic skills; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Asian population; Attention; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Black Populations; Buffers; California; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Data; Dementia; Development; Disadvantaged; Elderly; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Face; Fellowship; Funding; Grant; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inequality; Intervention; Knowledge; Latino Population; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Experience; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort; Measurement; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Mentorship; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Physiology; Play; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychology; Psychometrics; Psychosocial Stress; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Proposals; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Senile Plaques; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep disturbances; Sleeplessness; Social Network; Social Sciences; Societies; Source; Stress; Structure; Time; Training; Treatment/Psychosocial Effects; United States; Work; biobehavior; career; childhood adversity; cognitive function; dementia risk; disadvantaged background; doctoral student; effective therapy; ethnic minority; experience; health disparity; healthy aging; high risk; longitudinal analysis; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurogenesis; novel; physical conditioning; psychosocial; psychosocial stressors; racial and ethnic; racial diversity; resilience; skills; social disadvantage; social disparities; social inequality; socioeconomics; stressor

Project Summary/Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect individuals from socially disadvantaged groups, but the role of lifespan psychosocial stressors in these disparities is uncertain. Social networks are hypothesized to be key sources of resilience against psychosocial stressors, but it is unknown if they moderate the adverse effects of stressors on ADRD risk or whether the buffering provided by social networks is consistent across diverse racial/ethnic groups. Sleep disturbance is a potential biobehavioral mechanism via which stressors may increase ADRD risk, but the mediating role of sleep has not been formally evaluated. Understanding the effects of psychosocial stressors and modifiable sources of resilience and biobehavioral mechanisms on ADRD risk will guide potential interventions to reduce ADRD disparities. This proposal encompasses a training and research plan to develop the candidate’s expertise in ADRD research, preparing her to launch a career focused on reducing social inequalities in ADRD. The research proposal applies causal inference methods to elucidate the complex relationships between early social disadvantages, psychosocial and biobehavioral factors, and cognitive outcomes in older adulthood. The specific aims are to 1) quantify the association between cumulative stressors and cognitive function and determine how stressors explain social disparities in cognitive function (F99 dissertation research); and 2) determine the roles of social networks and sleep disturbances in the adverse effects of early-life stressors on ADRD risk across four racial/ethnic groups (K00 postdoctoral research). This research will use two large NIA-funded longitudinal cohorts:1) the Midlife Development in the United States Study (MIDUS) (F99); and 2) the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experience Study (KHANDLE), a life-course study linking risk factor data collected in mid-life (40-50 years ago) with contemporary assessments of risk factors, cognitive decline, and dementia in a sample of older non-Latino Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Latinos in California (K00). This fellowship application aligns with the 2012 National Alzheimer’s Project Act priority to address social disparities in ADRD. The proposed project will generate new knowledge and provide crucial training for the candidate’s advancement to become an independent epidemiologist focused on ADRD disparities by developing expertise in 1) measurements and mechanisms of psychosocial stress (F99); 2) causal inference methods, including mediation modeling (F99/K00); 3) the epidemiology of ADRD and quantitative ADRD research methods, including longitudinal analyses and psychometrics (K00); 4) the physiology and psychology of sleep disturbances (K00); and 5) professional skills for an academic research career (K00). The advanced training, mentorship, and protected time provided by this award will provide the candidate with the skills and experience necessary to lead the highest quality aging research and succeed as an independent investigator.

项目概要/摘要 阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）对个体的社交影响尤为严重 弱势群体，但寿命社会心理压力源在这些差异中的作用尚不确定。 网络重新成为抵御心理社会压力源的关键来源，但尚不清楚是否 他们缓和了压力源对ADRD风险的不利影响，或者社会提供的缓冲是否 不同种族/族裔群体的网络是一致的。睡眠障碍是一种潜在的生物行为。 压力源可能增加 ADRD 风险的机制，但睡眠的中介作用尚未得到正式证实 评估了解心理社会压力源的影响和可改变的复原力来源。 ADRD 风险的生物行为机制将指导潜在的干预措施，以减少 ADRD 差异。 该提案包括一项培训和研究计划，旨在培养候选人在 ADRD 方面的专业知识 研究，为她开启专注于减少 ADRD 中的社会不平等的职业生涯做好准备。 提案应用因果推理方法来阐明早期社会之间的复杂关系 老年人的劣势、社会心理和生物行为因素以及认知结果。 具体目标是 1）量化累积压力源与认知功能之间的关联 确定压力源如何解释认知功能的社会差异（F99 论文研究）；2） 确定社交网络和睡眠障碍在早期生活压力源的不利影响中的作用 四个种族/族裔群体的 ADRD 风险（K00 博士后研究）。 NIA 资助的纵向队列：1) 美国中年发展研究 (MIDUS) (F99)；2) 凯撒健康老龄化和多样化生活体验研究 (KHANDLE)，一项将风险因素联系起来的生命历程研究 中年（40-50 年前）收集的数据以及对风险因素、认知能力下降、 加利福尼亚州老年非拉丁裔白人、黑人、亚洲人和拉丁裔样本中的痴呆症 (K00)。 该奖学金申请符合 2012 年国家阿尔茨海默病项目法案的优先事项，以解决社会问题 拟议的项目将产生新的知识并为 ADRD 提供重要的培训。 候选人晋升为专注于 ADRD 差异的独立流行病学家 发展 1) 社会心理压力测量和机制 (F99) 方面的专业知识；2) 因果推理 方法，包括中介模型（F99/K00）；3）ADRD 的流行病学和定量 ADRD 研究方法，包括纵向分析和心理测量学（K00）4）生理学和心理学； 睡眠障碍 (K00)；以及 5) 学术研究职业的专业技能 (K00)。 该奖项提供的培训、指导和受保护的时间将为候选人提供技能和 领导最高质量的衰老研究并作为独立研究者取得成功所必需的经验。