Infectious Diseases in Africa: Correlates of Protection, Lessons from Vaccines and Natural Infection Studies

非洲传染病：保护的相关性、疫苗的经验教训和自然感染研究

• 批准号: 10012379
• 负责人: Guido Ferrari
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-03 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10012379
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Academy; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Age; Area; Back; Basic Science; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Child; Clinical; Clinical Data; Clinical Immunology; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Country; Development; Disease; E-learning; Economics; Educational process of instructing; Epidemic; European Economic Community; Event; Exercise; Face; Faculty; Foundations; Funding; Future; Future Teacher; Grant; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV vaccine; HIV-1; HIV-1 vaccine; HIV/TB; Human; Iatrogenesis; Immunity; Immunology; Incidence; Incubators; Infection; International Agencies; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leadership; Learning; Malaria; Malaria Vaccines; Mentorship; Monitoring Clinical Trials; New York; Outcome; Participant; Passive Immunization; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Process; Regimen; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Role; Science; Scientist; Series; South Africa; Students; System; Systems Biology; Thinking; Time; Training; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines; United States National Institutes of Health; Vaccine Clinical Trial; Vaccine Design; Vaccines; World Health Organization; Writing; age group; antiretroviral therapy; base; clinical practice; co-infection; comorbidity; cost; design; efficacy clinical trial; experience; human capital; innovation; knowledge base; malaria infection; malaria transmission; meetings; novel; novel vaccines; pathogen; prevent; scientific literacy; success; symposium; teacher mentor; tool; vaccine development; vaccine efficacy; vaccine trial

Abstract. The huge burden of communicable diseases on the African continent is largely made up of HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The trio of diseases alone is creating societal and economic instability in most African countries across all age groups, and particularly in children. Most recent UNAIDS estimates of the global burden of HIV are that 36.9 million people are currently living with HIV-1 infection and 25.6 million of them reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The implementation of anti-retroviral therapy of HIV- 1 infected people, which are necessary short-term solutions, comes with complications of costs and iatrogenic effects of drugs, and is not a long-term solution to stop the epidemic in SSA. HIV prevention remains critical to turn the tide of HIV infections and an effective vaccine against HIV-1 is desperately needed. Two vaccine clinical trials have recently started in SSA along with a passive immunization study to evaluate the efficacy of each regimen in conferring protection from infection. To discuss the current knowledge on correlates of protection observed in human vaccine studies will be a timely topic for the young African investigators. Similarly, continuous efforts are required to develop vaccines that would mitigate HIV-1 co-morbidities of TB and malaria. In 2015, the Office of AIDS Research announced priority areas of investigations into reducing the incidence of HIV, including the development of safe and effective HIV vaccines and research training of the workforce (NOT-OD-15-137; http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-137.html). In this application, we propose to train young scientists in Africa to fill the gap in ongoing efforts to build scientific literacy on the Continent and to enhance the ability to perform immunology research. As the NIH is sponsoring several basic research projects as well as clinical vaccine trials in Africa, we believe that the proposed Infectious Disease in Africa symposia will lead to increased scientific knowledge and will help build future scientific leaders on the Continent. On the back of two rounds of 3-year funding (and 6 IDA symposia), we now propose a further set of symposia, where the overarching aims are: 1) to provide cutting- edge knowledge in the fields of HIV vaccine development and related aspects of malaria and TB; and 2) To enable scientific thinking and leadership of young scientists on the African Continent. We are proposing a set of three IDA symposia that will take place in Cape Town, South Africa and we will focus on specific topics for each meeting. In the first IDA symposium, we will focus on “Novel observations on correlates of vaccine protection from HIV-1, TB, and Malaria: a systems immunology approach to vaccine development”. With our prior experience, we have developed a unique approach of student:teacher mentorship which involves a blend of on-line learning and contact time focused on round- table discussions. !

抽象的。 非洲大陆上可传播疾病的巨大燃烧主要由艾滋病毒组成， 结核病和疟疾。仅疾病的三重奏就是在大多数疾病中创造社会和经济不稳定 各个年龄段的非洲国家，尤其是在儿童中。最近的UNAID估计 艾滋病毒的全球烧伤是，目前有3690万人患有HIV-1感染和25.6 其中百万居住在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）。 HIV-的抗逆转录病毒疗法的实施 1个受感染的人，是必要的短期解决方案，具有成本并发症 药物的医源性作用，不是阻止SSA流行病的长期解决方案。艾滋病毒预防 扭转艾滋病毒感染的潮流和对HIV-1的有效疫苗仍然是至关重要的 需要。最近在SSA开始了两项疫苗临床试验以及一项被动免疫抑制研究 评估每种方案在会议保护免受感染中的效率。讨论电流 关于在人类疫苗研究中观察到的保护对应的知识将是及时的主题 年轻的非洲调查员。同样，需要持续的努力才能开发疫苗 减轻HIV-1结核病和疟疾的合并症。 2015年，艾滋病研究办公室宣布优先 减少艾滋病毒事件的投资领域，包括开发安全有效 艾滋病毒疫苗和劳动力研究培训（NOT-OD-15-137； http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-15-137.html）。在此应用程序中，我们建议 培训非洲的年轻科学家，以填补差距，以努力建立科学素养 大陆并增强进行免疫学研究的能力。随着NIH的赞助 非洲的几项基础研究项目以及临床疫苗试验，我们认为拟议的 非洲专题讨论会的传染病将导致科学知识增加，并有助于建立未来 大陆的科学领袖。在两轮3年资金（和6场IDA专题讨论会）的背面， 现在，我们提出了一系列专题讨论会，总体目的是：1）提供剪裁 - 艾滋病毒疫苗发育领域的边缘知识以及疟疾和结核病的相关方面； 2）在非洲大陆上使年轻科学家的科学思维和领导能力。 我们提出了一组将在南非开普敦举行的三个IDA研讨会，我们 每次会议都将重点关注特定主题。在第一次IDA研讨会中，我们将重点关注“新颖 关于HIV-1，结核病和疟疾疫苗保护相关性的观察：系统免疫学 疫苗开发的方法”。通过我们先前的经验，我们开发了一种独特的方法 学生：教师Mentalship，其中涉及在线学习和联系时间的融合，以圆形为重点 表讨论。 呢