A reactive mat to remediate contaminated sediments and reduce health risks

用于修复受污染沉积物并降低健康风险的反应垫

• 批准号: 7340841
• 负责人: Thomas Clair Sheahan
• 金额: $ 25.42万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-09 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7340841
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adsorption; Affect; Amendment; Area; Binding; Biological; Biological Availability; Carbon Black; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chlordan; Communities; Computers; Condition; Containment; Development; Devices; Diffusion; Effectiveness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Impact; Food Webs; Fresh Water; Future; Health; Heavy Metals; Human; Hydrocarbons; Immigration; Ingestion; Iron; Life; Liquid substance; Mechanics; Metals; Modeling; Organism; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Phase; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Process; Public Health; Rate; Reaction; Recovery; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Rivers; Sampling; Services; Sodium Chloride; Soil; Surface; System; Testing; Thick; Water; Work; bioaccumulation; contaminant transport; design; exposed human population; fluid flow; innovation; member; physical process; pressure; programs; remediation; research study; superfund site; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A new type of permeable, reactive composite is being developed for remediation and management of contaminated sediments. It consists of one or more filtering layers surrounding a reactive layer placed on the sediment surface. Hydrodynamic dispersion and pore fluid flow carry contaminants through the composite. The broad, long-term objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of: 1) how the gecicomposite would function most effectively in long-term field applications for different combinations of sediment types, sediment contaminants and pore fluid environments; and 2) how effectively the composite can reduce ecological and human health risks associated with sediment-bound contaminants. The specific aims of the research are to address the following fundamental issues: 1) What are the reactive materials that can be used in the composite that will most effectively immobilize or transform the target contaminants of PCB's, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals? 2) What is the relationship between the advective and diffusive components of contaminant transport for various soil-contaminant-pore fluid chemistry combinations? 3) How can results from bench-scale experiments that model the sediment-contaminant- composite system be used to predict the composite's scalability for field applications? 4) What are the effects of the physical presence of the composite and the composite-contaminant reactions on both the underlying sediment and overlying benthic organisms, in terms of supporting healthy and diverse benthic communities in these zones? 5) Does the geocomposite reduce the human health risks associated with contaminated sediments? The research will be performed in 4 phases: 1) sediment characterization for each Superfund site sediment to be tested, including physical, chemical, biological and consolidation testing; 2) batch chemical testing to assess and optimize reactivity between target contaminants and the composite reactive amendments to be testing in Phase 3; 3) bench scale tests to model the sediment-composite-benthic system using a computer automated device that combines sediment consolidation and contaminant transport through the sediment and composite, and assess the biological activity before and after sediment consolidation, as well as the biogeneration in the overlying 'clean' sediment; and 4) modeling of the process, accounting for seepage, consolidation, dispersion and reactivity due to adsorption and transformation. Relevance to Public Health: Contaminated sediments present a global public health challenge that requires new, innovative approaches. By immobilizing and/or neutralizing contaminants, the composite has the potential to minimize further contaminant migration and, in subaqueous environments, contaminant resuspension and diffusion into the overlying water column. This will limit the bioavailability of contaminants and bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs, which can be a pathway for human exposure via ingestion.

描述（由申请人提供）： 正在开发一种新型的渗透性，反应性复合材料，用于修复和管理受污染的沉积物。它由围绕沉积物表面的一个反应层的一个或多个过滤层组成。流体动力分散和孔隙流动通过复合材料携带污染物。这项研究的广泛长期目标是对：1）gecicomposite在长期现场应用中如何在沉积物类型，沉积物污染物和孔隙流体环境的不同组合中最有效地发挥作用； 2）该复合材料如何有效地降低与沉积物结合污染物相关的生态和人类健康风险。该研究的具体目的是解决以下基本问题：1）在复合材料中可以使用哪些反应性材料，这些材料将最有效地固定或改变PCB的靶污染物，多芳族碳氢化合物（PAHS）和金属？ 2）污染物转运的对流和扩散成分之间的关​​系是什么关系？ 3）如何使用基准尺度实验的结果来模拟沉积物 - 抗抑制剂复合系统来预测复合物的可扩展性？ 4）在支持这些区域中的健康和多样化的底栖群落方面，复合材料的物理存在和复合征反应对基础沉积物和上覆盖底栖生物的影响是什么？ 5）地理复合材料是否会降低与受污染的沉积物相关的人类健康风险？该研究将分为4个阶段：1）要测试的每个超级基金场地沉积物的沉积物表征，包括物理，化学，生物学和固结测试； 2）批次化学测试，以评估和优化目标污染物和复合反应性修正案之间的反应性，以在第3阶段进行测试； 3）基准尺度测试，使用计算机自动化设备对沉积物复合材料系统进行建模，该设备通过沉积物和复合材料结合沉积物合并和污染物传输，并评估沉积物合并之前和之后的生物学活性，以及​​在过度覆盖的“清洁”沉积物中的生物产生； 4）对过程进行建模，考虑到吸附和转化引起的渗漏，巩固，分散和反应性。与公共卫生的相关性：受污染的沉积物提出了一项全球公共卫生挑战，需要新的创新方法。通过固定和/或中和污染物，该复合材料有可能最大程度地减少污染物的迁移，并且在水下环境中，污染物重悬于污染物，并扩散到上覆的水柱中。这将限制污染物和生物积累的生物利用度，这可能是通过摄入的人类暴露的途径。