Neural Mechanisms of Cutaneous Spatial Integration

皮肤空间整合的神经机制

• 批准号: 7613237
• 负责人: ESTHER P. GARDNER
• 金额: $ 56.61万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-04-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7613237
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Area; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Models; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Cognitive; Cues; Cutaneous; Data; Decision Making; Development; Devices; Electrodes; Esthesia; Feedback; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Handedness; Individual; Instruction; Investigation; Left; Lifting; Location; Macaca; Manuals; Measurement; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Names; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Period Analysis; Peripheral; Peripheral nerve injury; Population; Posture; Prevalence; Principal Investigator; Probability; Process; Property; Proprioception; Reaction Time; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rewards; Robotics; Role; Secure; Semantics; Sensory; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Skin; Stroke; Surface; Synapses; System; Tactile; Task Performances; Testing; Texture; Touch sensation; Training; Update; Variant; Vision; abstracting; base; cognitive function; digital; expectation; experience; feeding; grasp; haptics; information processing; insight; kinematics; member; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; parallel processing; parietal-frontal circuits; preference; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory prosthesis; somatosensory; spatial integration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project analyzes the role of somatosensory neurons in the parietal lobe during performance of skilled manual tasks. We use a prehension task, in which the hand grasps and manipulates objects, as a model system to examine how sensory cues and previous experience are used to plan and implement skilled hand movements. It aims to understand how information about objects is acquired by the hand through the senses of touch, proprioception, and vision. We propose that sensory responses are perceived in the context of task goals. Neural activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is hypothesized to reflect task planning needed to grasp objects efficiently and to secure them for manipulation. Neural responses in the primary somatosensory (S-I) cortex confirms or rebuts the subject's expectation of object features, and provides feedback needed for error correction. We will record spike trains and local field potentials of neural populations in PPC and S-I during performance of the task using multiple electrode arrays and digital video measurements of hand kinematics. Aim 1 analyzes the role of sensory information provided by the behavioral cue in modulating neural responses to prehension. We examine how the shape and location of an object are represented in PPC when it is grasped with different instructions and expectations. The studies test hypotheses that the behavioral relevance of object features modifies the motor program developed during task planning, and somatosensory information fed back to the cortex from the hand during task performance. Aim 2 addresses the neural control of bilateral hand movements when both hands perform the same movements together. We will quantify the prevalence of bilateral neurons in each hemisphere that respond equivalently to similar actions performed by each hand, or are specialized for bimanual actions, by comparing temporally uncoupled grasping movements performed separately by the left and right hands, with similar bimanual movements that require coordinated and synergistic actions of the two hands. We also examine whether bimanual behaviors are implemented by synchronous bilateral activation of the two hemispheres using simultaneous recordings from the left and right parietal cortex. Aim 3 explores the role of PPC in decision making when cues are ambiguous. We assess the role of handedness preferences, reward probability and short-term memory in choice of the hand used and object grasped in each trial. This research provides basic insights into the dynamic organization of cortical circuits, the role of prediction in normal hand use, and integration of somatosensory information between hemispheres needed for fine motor control of the hand. An understanding of these cortical processes may have clinical importance for rehabilitation following neurological disorders such as stroke or peripheral nerve injury. Principles of sensorimotor integration derived from this research may prove useful for developing better sensory prostheses or robotic manipulators based on biological models of hand function. This project analyzes the role of neurons in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex during performance of skilled manual tasks. It aims to understand how information about objects is acquired by the hand through the senses of touch and proprioception, and is used by the brain when objects are grasped and manipulated skillfully. An understanding of these brain mechanisms may have clinical importance for rehabilitation of hand function following neurological disorders such as stroke or peripheral nerve injury, and for development of better sensory prostheses or robotic manipulators based on biological models of hand function.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目分析了在熟练的手动任务执行过程中体感神经元在顶叶中的作用。我们使用一项预性任务，其中手掌握和操纵对象作为模型系统，以研究如何使用感官提示和以前的经验来计划和实施熟练的手部运动。它旨在通过触摸，本体感受和远见的感觉来了解手的信息是如何通过手来获取的。我们建议在任务目标的背景下感知感官响应。假设后顶叶皮层（PPC）中的神经活动有效地反映了有效掌握对象并确保其操纵所需的任务计划。主要体感（S-I）皮质中的神经反应证实或反驳对象特征的期望，并提供了错误校正所需的反馈。我们将使用多个电极阵列和手动运动学的数字视频测量值记录PPC和S-I神经种群的尖峰火车和局部现场电位。 AIM 1分析行为提示在调节对预性神经反应中提供的感官信息的作用。我们检查对象在PPC中的形状和位置如何用不同的指示和期望来表示。研究测试假设对象特征的行为相关性修改了在任务计划期间开发的电动机程序，并在任务执行过程中从手中回到了皮层。当双手一起执行相同的运动时，AIM 2解决了双边手动运动的神经控制。我们将在每个半球中量化双侧神经元的患病率，这些神经元对每只手执行的类似动作做出等效的响应，或者通过比较左右手分别通过左右手分别执行的左右手动进行的类似的握把动作，并与需要相似的双人动作与需要两种手的相互配合和协同作用的相似的双人动作进行比较。我们还检查了使用左右顶叶皮层的同时记录对两个半球的同步双侧激活来实现双人行为。 AIM 3探讨了PPC在提示模棱两可时在决策中的作用。我们评估了在每个试验中选择用手和对象的手工偏好，奖励概率和短期记忆的作用。这项研究为皮质回路的动态组织提供了基本见解，预测在正常使用中的作用以及在手机控制手机控制所需的半球之间的体感信息的整合。在神经系统疾病（例如中风或周围神经损伤）之后，对这些皮质过程的理解对于康复可能具有临床重要性。从这项研究中得出的感觉运动积分原理可能被证明可用于基于手动功能的生物学模型来开发更好的感觉假体或机器人操纵剂。该项目分析了神经元在熟练的手动任务执行过程中神经元在大脑皮层顶叶中的作用。它的目的是了解如何通过触摸和本体感受的感觉来获取有关对象的信息，并在熟练掌握物体并熟练地操纵物体时被大脑使用。对这些大脑机制的理解对于诸如中风或周围神经损伤之类的神经系统疾病的康复可能具有临床重要性，以及基于手部功能的生物学模型的发展更好的感觉假体或机器人操纵剂的发展。