Neural Mechanisms of Cutaneous Spatial Integration

皮肤空间整合的神经机制

• 批准号: 7625327
• 负责人: ESTHER P. GARDNER
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-04-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7625327
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Area; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Models; Biological Neural Networks; Chromosome Pairing; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer information processing; Cues; Cutaneous; Data; Decision Making; Devices; Electrodes; Esthesia; Feedback; Fingers; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Handedness; Individual; Instruction; Investigation; Left; Lifting; Location; Macaca; Manuals; Measurement; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Names; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Period Analysis; Peripheral; Peripheral nerve injury; Population; Posture; Prevalence; Probability; Process; Property; Proprioception; Reaction Time; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rewards; Robotics; Role; Secure; Semantics; Sensory; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Skin; Stroke; Surface; Synapses; System; Tactile; Task Performances; Testing; Texture; Thinking; Touch sensation; Training; Update; Variant; abstracting; base; cognitive control; cognitive function; desire; expectation; experience; feeding; grasp; haptics; insight; kinematics; member; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; parallel processing; parietal-frontal circuits; preference; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory feedback; sensory prosthesis; size; somatosensory; spatial integration

This project analyzes the role of somatosensory neurons in the parietal lobe during performance of skilled manual tasks. It aims to understand how the hand acquires information about objects through the senses of touch and proprioception, and uses it to grasp and manipulate them. We use a prehension task, in which the hand grasps and manipulates objects, as a model system to examine how sensory cues and previous experience are used to plan and implement skilled hand behaviors. We hypothesize that during active touch, internal representations of the sensory inflow are implemented by corollary discharge from the motor system so that the subject can predict the sensory consequences of intended actions. Convergence of central and peripheral signals allows neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) to compare predictions and reality. The sensory responses are perceived in the context of task goals. Multiple electrode recordings of spike trains and local field potentials in S-I and PPC, and measurements of hand kinematics, assess temporal relations between neural populations representing the fingers. We propose that anticipatory precontact activity in PPC reflects task planning needed to grasp objects efficiently and to secure them for manipulation. Post-contact activity in S-I confirms or rebuts the subject¿s expectation of haptic features, and provides feedback needed for error correction. Aim 1 analyzes top-down cognitive control of sensory feedback by varying information provided by the cue. We examine how the shape and location of an object are represented in PPC when it is grasped with different instructions and expectations. Aim 2 examines the neural control of bilateral hand movements by comparing temporally uncoupled grasping actions performed by the left and right hands, with similar movements that require coordinated, and synergistic actions of the hands. Using simultaneous bilateral recordings from left and right hemispheres, we examine whether such behaviors involve neurons in each hemisphere specialized for bimanual actions, or are implemented by synchronous activation of the two hemispheres. Aim 3 explores the role of PPC in decision making when cues are ambiguous. We assess the role of handedness preferences, reward probability and short-term memory in choice of the hand used and object grasped in each trial. This research provides basic insights into the dynamic organization of cortical circuits, the role of prediction in normal hand use, and integration of somatosensory information between hemispheres needed for fine motor control of the fingers. An understanding of these cortical processes may have clinical importance for rehabilitation following neurological disorders such as stroke or peripheral nerve injury. Principles of sensorimotor integration derived from this research may prove useful for developing better sensory prostheses or robotic manipulators based on biological models of hand function.

该项目分析了体感神经元在顶叶的作用 手动任务。 触摸和前体，并使用它来掌握和操纵它们 手动掌握并操纵对象，作为模型系统，以检查感觉提示和以前的方式 经验用于计划和实施熟练的手行为。 感官流入的内部代表是通过电机系统的必然排放来实现的 因此，受试者可以预测预期动作的感官肯定。 外围信号允许后顶皮层（PPC）中的神经元比较预测和现实 在任务目标的背景下，感官响应被认为。 S-I和PPC中的局部现场电位，以及手运动学的测量值，评估时间关系 在神经种群中，我们提出了PPC中的预期预期活动 反映需要有效掌握对象并确保其操纵所需的任务计划。 S-1的活动确认或反驳受试者对触觉特征的期望，并提供了所需的反馈 误差校正。 通过提示，我们检查了对象的形状和位置在PPC中 掌握了不同的指示和期望。 通过比较左手和右手执行的时间无关的抓握动作，并与 类似的运动需要协调，并使用双边的双手进行协同作用 左右半球的录音，我们检查了此类律师是否涉及每个神经元 Hemisephere专门用于双人行为，或通过同步激活两者实现 半部分子AIM 3探讨了PPC在我们评估您时的作用 手工偏好的作用，奖励概率和术语记忆在选择所用的手和 在每个试验中掌握的对象。 电路，预测在正常使用中的作用以及Somattsense信息的整合 半身需要对手指的精细运动控制。 在神经系统疾病（例如中风或脑海）之后，对康复具有临床重要性 造成的伤害。 基于手动功能的生物学模型的感觉假体或机器人操纵器。