Neural Mechanisms of Cutaneous Spatial Integration

皮肤空间整合的神经机制

• 批准号: 7625327
• 负责人: ESTHER P. GARDNER
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-04-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7625327
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Area; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Models; Biological Neural Networks; Chromosome Pairing; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer information processing; Cues; Cutaneous; Data; Decision Making; Devices; Electrodes; Esthesia; Feedback; Fingers; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Handedness; Individual; Instruction; Investigation; Left; Lifting; Location; Macaca; Manuals; Measurement; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Names; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Period Analysis; Peripheral; Peripheral nerve injury; Population; Posture; Prevalence; Probability; Process; Property; Proprioception; Reaction Time; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rewards; Robotics; Role; Secure; Semantics; Sensory; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Skin; Stroke; Surface; Synapses; System; Tactile; Task Performances; Testing; Texture; Thinking; Touch sensation; Training; Update; Variant; abstracting; base; cognitive control; cognitive function; desire; expectation; experience; feeding; grasp; haptics; insight; kinematics; member; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; parallel processing; parietal-frontal circuits; preference; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory feedback; sensory prosthesis; size; somatosensory; spatial integration

This project analyzes the role of somatosensory neurons in the parietal lobe during performance of skilled manual tasks. It aims to understand how the hand acquires information about objects through the senses of touch and proprioception, and uses it to grasp and manipulate them. We use a prehension task, in which the hand grasps and manipulates objects, as a model system to examine how sensory cues and previous experience are used to plan and implement skilled hand behaviors. We hypothesize that during active touch, internal representations of the sensory inflow are implemented by corollary discharge from the motor system so that the subject can predict the sensory consequences of intended actions. Convergence of central and peripheral signals allows neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) to compare predictions and reality. The sensory responses are perceived in the context of task goals. Multiple electrode recordings of spike trains and local field potentials in S-I and PPC, and measurements of hand kinematics, assess temporal relations between neural populations representing the fingers. We propose that anticipatory precontact activity in PPC reflects task planning needed to grasp objects efficiently and to secure them for manipulation. Post-contact activity in S-I confirms or rebuts the subject¿s expectation of haptic features, and provides feedback needed for error correction. Aim 1 analyzes top-down cognitive control of sensory feedback by varying information provided by the cue. We examine how the shape and location of an object are represented in PPC when it is grasped with different instructions and expectations. Aim 2 examines the neural control of bilateral hand movements by comparing temporally uncoupled grasping actions performed by the left and right hands, with similar movements that require coordinated, and synergistic actions of the hands. Using simultaneous bilateral recordings from left and right hemispheres, we examine whether such behaviors involve neurons in each hemisphere specialized for bimanual actions, or are implemented by synchronous activation of the two hemispheres. Aim 3 explores the role of PPC in decision making when cues are ambiguous. We assess the role of handedness preferences, reward probability and short-term memory in choice of the hand used and object grasped in each trial. This research provides basic insights into the dynamic organization of cortical circuits, the role of prediction in normal hand use, and integration of somatosensory information between hemispheres needed for fine motor control of the fingers. An understanding of these cortical processes may have clinical importance for rehabilitation following neurological disorders such as stroke or peripheral nerve injury. Principles of sensorimotor integration derived from this research may prove useful for developing better sensory prostheses or robotic manipulators based on biological models of hand function.

该项目分析了体感神经元在顶叶的作用 手动任务。它的目的是了解手如何通过感官获取有关对象的信息 触摸和本体感受，并使用它来掌握和操纵它们。我们使用预性任务，其中 手动掌握并操纵对象，作为模型系统，以检查感觉提示和以前的方式 经验用于计划和实施熟练的手部行为。我们假设在主动触摸时， 感官流入的内部表示是通过电机系统的必然排放来实现的 因此，主题可以预测预期行动的感官后果。中央和 外围信号允许后顶皮层（PPC）中的神经元比较预测和现实。这 感官响应在任务目标的背景下被感知。尖峰火车的多个电极记录和 S-I和PPC中的局部现场电位，以及手运动学的测量，评估临时关系 在代表手指的神经种群之间。我们提出了PPC中的预期性预感染活性 反映需要有效掌握对象并确保其操纵所需的任务计划。后接触 S-I中的活动确认或反驳主题对触觉特征的期望，并提供所需的反馈 误差校正。 AIM 1通过改变信息来分析感觉反馈的自上而下的认知控制 由提示提供。我们检查对象的形状和位置是如何在PPC中表示的 掌握了不同的指示和期望。 AIM 2考试双边手的神经控制 通过比较左右手执行的暂时未耦合的握把动作，并与 需要协调的类似动作，并且手的协同作用。使用简单的双边 左右半球的记录，我们检查了这种行为是否涉及每个行为 半球专门用于双人行为，或通过同步激活两者实现 半球。 AIM 3探讨了PPC在提示模棱两可时在决策中的作用。我们评估 在选择所用手的手动和短期记忆中的作用 对象在每个试验中都抓住。这项研究提供了对皮质动态组织的基本见解 电路，预测在正常使用中的作用以及在之间的体感信息之间的整合 手指的精细运动控制所需的半球。对这些皮质过程的理解可能 在神经系统疾病（例如中风或周围神经）之后，对康复具有临床重要性 受伤。从这项研究得出的感觉运动集成原理可能被证明可用于开发更好 基于手部功能的生物学模型的感觉假肢或机器人操纵器。