A Dynamic Neural Field Theory of Where-What Integration

何处-什么整合的动态神经场理论

• 批准号: 7866576
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 22.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7866576
• 关键词: Address; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Binding; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collection; Complex; Coupled; Coupling; Dementia; Dimensions; Dorsal; Goals; Grant; Human; Human Activities; Individual Differences; Infant; Link; Location; Maps; Memory; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Organism; Pathway interactions; Primates; Problem behavior; Process; Property; Research; Risk; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Spatial Behavior; Specific qualifier value; Stream; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Visual system structure; Williams Syndrome; Work; brain behavior; flexibility; memory process; neural model; neurophysiology; novel; operation; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; segregation; success; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are exceptionally good at remembering the layout of objects in a local workspace. The present proposal investigates the time-dependent processes that underlie this ability to quickly and flexibly form, maintain, and update such `cognitive maps'. A central challenge to understanding this ability is to understand how people integrate `where' with `what'. Neurophysiological evidence suggests a functional and anatomical segregation of the visual system into dorsal and ventral pathways that represent spatial location (`where') and object property information (`what'), respectively. Although a great deal of work has clarified the operation of these processing streams in isolation, much less is known about how spatial and non-spatial information is integrated. The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neurally- plausible theory of where-what integration. The research plan formalizes such a theory and tests specific predictions derived from its central concepts. Specific Aim 1 examines how people `bind' non-spatial features together to form object representations grounded in a world-centered spatial frame of reference. Specific Aim 2 examines the mechanisms that maintain object representations during short delays and detect changes in object features. Specific Aim 3 highlights the advantages of grounding `what' in `where': people can flexibly update working memory representations by coupling these representations to a real-time spatial system. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' in a neurally-plausible way is critical for two reasons. First, there is compelling evidence that deficits in where-what integration underlie the behavior problems prevalent in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Second, understanding the integration of dorsal and ventral pathways is a core requirement of any neurally-plausible theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way. Indeed, the real promise of our approach lies at the intersection of these themes: to develop a theory that can address both the behavioral and neural deficits that underlie specific mental health disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this grant is to develop and test a neural theory of how people integrate information about where objects are located with memory for what the objects are. Achieving this goal will have broad implications for our understanding of mental health because deficits in `where-what' integration underlie the behavior problems in several mental health disorders including ADHD, Williams Syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's/Dementia. Understanding the integration of `where' and `what' is also a core requirement of any theory that purports to link brain and behavior in an ecologically grounded way.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类非常擅长记住本地工作区中对象的布局。本提案调查了时间依赖的过程，这些过程是这种能力快速，灵活地形成，维护和更新此类“认知图”的能力的基础。理解这种能力的核心挑战是了解人们如何将“在哪里”与``什么''整合在一起。神经生理学的证据表明，视觉系统分别代表空间位置（``where'）和对象属性信息（``什么''）的视觉系统的功能和解剖分离。尽管大量工作阐明了这些处理流的运行，但对于如何集成了空间和非空间信息，知之甚少。这项赠款的目的是开发和检验一个合理的合理理论。该研究计划正式化了这种理论，并测试了从其中心概念得出的特定预测。特定目标1研究人们如何将非空间特征绑定在一起，以形成以世界为中心的空间参考框架以基于世界为基础的对象表示。特定目标2检查了在短延迟期间维护对象表示的机制，并检测对象特征的变化。特定的目标3强调了“在哪里”中接地“什么”的优势：人们可以通过将这些表示形式耦合到实时空间系统来灵活地更新工作内存表示形式。以两个原因了解“在哪里”和“在哪里”和“什么”的整合至关重要。首先，有令人信服的证据表明，在多种心理健康疾病中，行为问题的基础是包括多动症，威廉姆斯综合征，精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症的行为问题。其次，理解背侧和腹侧途径的整合是任何神经成本理论的核心要求，这些理论声称以生态扎根的方式将大脑和行为联系起来。的确，我们方法的真正希望在于这些主题的交集：开发一种可以解决特定心理健康障碍构成的行为和神经缺陷的理论。公共卫生相关性：这笔赠款的目的是开发和测试一个神经理论，即人们如何将有关对象的位置与对象的内存相结合。实现这一目标将对我们对心理健康的理解产生广泛的影响，因为“何处”一体化的缺陷是多种心理健康障碍的行为问题的基础，包括多动症，威廉姆斯综合症，精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默氏症/痴呆症。理解“哪里”和“什么”的整合也是任何旨在以生态扎根的方式联系大脑和行为的理论的核心要求。