How location information is maintained in memory

位置信息如何保存在内存中

• 批准号: 6705066
• 负责人: JOHN P SPENCER
• 金额: $ 11.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6705066
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); clinical research; form /pattern perception; human subject; mathematical model; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; short term memory; space perception; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To interact successfully with the local environment, people must maintain a "local map' of the locations of important nearby objects. This is one of the primary functions of spatial working memory. The majority of research investigating the characteristics of spatial working memory has focused on what people represent in memory. Although this is a fundamental question, the present study examines a different, but equally important question: how do people maintain location information in memory? This question is timely because recent studies have identified several brain regions that contribute to the maintenance of location information. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that elderly participants and patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease show deficits when the characteristics of a visual stimulus must be maintained in working memory over a delay. Evidence from a variety of studies suggests that people rely on visible reference axes -- the edges of a table, the edges of a computer screen -- to help them remember the locations of target objects. Use of such perceptual information can help stabilize memory. Nevertheless, there is a cost -- memory is systematically distorted near reference axes. Specifically, when people are asked to reproduce the location of a hidden object, they exaggerate the distance between the reference axis and the actual location of the object. These memory errors are particularly informative because they increase in magnitude as memory delays increase. Thus, errors away from reference axes may provide a window into the second-to-second processes the serve to maintain location information in working memory. Fourteen experiments will test a mathematical model of how information is maintained in spatial working memory with both child and adult participants. The first eight experiments test specific predictions of the model. The final seven experiments examine the generality of the model to situations in which a reaching response is not required and to situations that place demands on spatial selective attention. When completed, the proposed project will provide the first formal theory of spatial working memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：与本地成功互动 环境，人们必须维护重要位置的“本地地图” 附近的物体。这是空间工作记忆的主要功能之一。 大多数研究调查了空间工作的特征 记忆集中在人们在记忆中的代表。虽然这是一个 基本问题，本研究研究了不同但同样的 重要问题：人们如何在记忆中维护位置信息？这 问题之所以及时，是因为最近的研究已经确定了几个大脑区域 这有助于维护位置信息。此外， 研究表明，老年参与者和患者患有 当视觉刺激的特征时，阿尔茨海默氏病出现缺陷 必须在延迟中维护在工作内存中。 来自各种研究的证据表明，人们依靠可见 参考轴 - 表的边缘，计算机屏幕的边缘 - 帮助他们记住目标对象的位置。使用这种感知 信息可以帮助稳定记忆。但是，有一个成本 - 记忆 在参考轴附近系统地扭曲。具体来说，当人们是 被要求复制隐藏物体的位置，它们夸大了 参考轴与对象的实际位置之间的距离。 这些内存错误特别有用，因为它们增加了 随着内存延迟的增加而大小。因此，远离参考轴的错误可能 提供进入二到一秒流程的窗口以维护 工作记忆中的位置信息。 十四个实验将测试信息的数学模型 与儿童和成人参与者保持空间工作记忆。 前八个实验测试了模型的特定预测。决赛 七个实验检查了模型的通用性 不需要达到响应 空间选择性关注。完成后，建议的项目将提供 空间工作记忆的第一个形式理论。