Probing the Neural Basis of Visual Working Memory in Early Development

探索早期发展中视觉工作记忆的神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
9320656
负责人：
JOHN P SPENCER
金额：
$ 43.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9320656
关键词：
3 year old 5 year old Address Adult Age Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attentional deficit Autistic Disorder Axon Behavior Behavioral Biological Neural Networks Brain Child Clinical Cognition Cognitive Data Detection Development Diagnosis Fostering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Gold Grant Growth Heart Human Hyperactive behavior Image Individual Individual Differences Infant Intervention Language Lead Liquid substance Longitudinal Studies Measurement Measures Memory impairment Methods Mind Modeling Myelin Nature Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Participant Performance Play Population Populations at Risk Process Property Protocols documentation Research Risk Short-Term Memory Sleep Specific qualifier value Testing Theoretical model Time Translating Visual Visuospatial Water Work base brain behavior cognitive performance cognitive system early childhood hemodynamics infancy innovation mathematical ability memory process myelination neuroimaging neuromechanism personalized intervention predictive modeling public health relevance relating to nervous system response simulation theories vision development visual cognition

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Working memory has been dubbed the heart of intelligent behavior, and a core property of this critical cognitive system is its highly limited capacity. Working memory capacity limitations are reliably associated with individual differences in many basic forms of cognition (e.g., language and mathematical abilities), and working memory deficits have been observed in at-risk populations, including children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and children born preterm. Given these influences, understanding the development of working memory capacity limits has broad implications and may be critical to intervention efforts with atypically developing children. This grant focuses on the development of a central type of working memory called visual working memory (VWM). VWM plays a key role in much of visual cognition, comparing percepts that cannot be simultaneously viewed and identifying changes in the world when they occur. Research has shown that VWM develops dramatically between infancy and 5 years old, and a recent dynamic neural field (DNF) model of VWM has formalized a candidate neural mechanism for how VWM capacity changes in early development and why such changes vary across tasks. A key goal of the grant is to test this theoretical account at neural and behavioral levels. In particular, we will conduct an accelerated longitudinal study from 6 months to 4.5 years. At each age, children will complete two functional neuroimaging sessions and a structural neuroimaging session. We will use these data to examine: (1) whether the DNF model captures individual developmental trajectories in VWM performance from 6 months to 4.5 years; (2) whether the DNF model predicts functional changes in the VWM brain network in early development; and (3) whether changes in DNF parameters over development are explained by localized changes in myelin content within the VWM network. Results from this grant will set the stage for extensions of our approach to examine longitudinal changes in at-risk populations. This work will also foster an innovative approach to individualized interventions guided by a neural process model of VWM that speaks to individual differences in both brain and behavior.

描述（由适用提供）：工作记忆被称为智能行为的核心，这种关键认知系统的核心特性是其高度有限的能力。工作记忆能力限制与许多基本认知形式的个体差异（例如语言和数学能力）可靠地相关，并且在高危人群中观察到工作记忆定义，包括被诊断出患有注意力缺陷/多活跃障碍，自闭症，自闭症和儿童出生的儿童的儿童。鉴于这些影响，了解工作记忆能力限制的发展具有广泛的含义，对于与非典型发展儿童的干预工作可能至关重要。该赠款重点是开发一种称为Visual Working Memory（VWM）的中心类型的工作内存类型。 VWM在视觉认知的大部分内容中都起着关键作用，比较了无法简单地查看的感知并识别世界上的变化。研究表明，VWM在婴儿期和5岁之间动态开发，而VWM的最新动态神经元模型（DNF）模型已为VWM能力在早期发展中如何变化以及为什么这种变化在任务中变化而形成了一种候选神经元机制。赠款的一个关键目标是在神经和行为层面上测试这一理论说明。特别是，我们将进行6个月至4。5年的加速纵向研究。在每个年龄段，儿童将完成两个功能性神经影像学课程和一个结构性神经影像学课程。我们将使用这些数据检查：（1）DNF模型是否捕获了VWM绩效中的个人发育轨迹，从6个月到4。5年；（2）DNF模型在早期开发中是否预测VWM脑网络的功能变化；（3）DNF参数对开发的变化是否通过VWM网络中髓磷脂含量的局部变化来解释。这笔赠款的结果将为我们检查高危人群的纵向变化的方法奠定了基础。这项工作还将促进一种创新的方法，以通过VWM的神经启发模型为指导的个性化干预措施，该模型讲述了大脑和行为的个体差异。