Characterizing odor motion detection in flies

描述苍蝇气味运动检测的特征

• 批准号: 10717167
• 负责人: Damon Alistair Clark
• 金额: $ 188.79万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10717167
• 关键词: Adopted; Affect; Air Movements; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Diseases; Caenorhabditis elegans; Calcium; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Dependence; Detection; Diagnosis; Diffusion; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Environmental Wind; Exhibits; Filament; Goals; Head; Human; Image; Impairment; Insecta; Ions; Knowledge; Label; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Positioning Attribute; Property; Punishment; Research; Rewards; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Source; Speed; Training; Vision; Visual Motion; Walking; behavior influence; behavior measurement; behavioral response; computer framework; connectome; detector; experimental study; fly; insight; mathematical model; neural; neural circuit; neurogenetics; neuromechanism; neuronal circuitry; neurotransmission; novel; optogenetics; response; sensory input; source guides; spatiotemporal; statistics; virtual

Many animals rely on their ability to navigate to the source of airborne odor plumes for survival. Studies dating back a century have shown that insects combine mechanosensory and olfactory cues to navigate, surging upwind when detecting odor but go crosswind or downwind when losing the signal. They also use bilateral information from their two antennae to turn toward higher odor concentrations. We recently discovered that in addition to wind direction and odor gradient, fruit flies detect the direction of motion of odors, independent of the wind. Using optogenetics to decouple odor signal from wind, we found that flies detect odor motion using the temporal correlations of the odor signal between their two antennae, suggesting similarities with motion detection in vision. Manipulating spatio-temporal correlations in virtual odor signals demonstrated that flies indeed exploit odor motion when navigating odor plumes. The finding that Drosophila melanogaster can ‘smell’ odor motion suggests a novel role for bilateral sensing in olfaction and raises the following questions for the field: 1) How is odor motion — a previously unappreciated olfactory directional cue — integrated with other directional cues to drive olfactory navigation? 2) What are the inputs to the odor motion detector and how does odor valence modulate behavioral response to odor motion? 3) What neural circuits and computations mediate odor motion detection and how do they compare to those that mediate visual motion detection? We will address these questions by combining optogenetic stimulation, neuron activity measurements, and neurogenetic silencing with the behavioral and computational framework we used to discover odor motion sensing. With this platform we can control, measure, and perturb real odor and virtual odor signals in closed- and open-loop, during olfactory navigation of freely walking flies. Drosophila is perfectly suited to pursue these goals because of 1) the current knowledge of the neural circuit of the olfactory periphery and increasingly of downstream olfactory centers, and the availability of a connectome; and (2) the ability to selectively measure and manipulate the activity of neural circuits involved in sensory processing and integration. The finding that flies use odor motion detection to enhance odor-guided navigation reveals important gaps in our understanding of olfactory navigation. The proposed research will close these gaps by characterizing how flies integrate odor motion with other cues to direct olfactory behavior, and by uncovering the neural circuits and computations that mediate odor motion detection. More broadly, these findings will advance our understanding of neuronal circuit computations by allowing us to compare circuits that compute motion across the modalities of olfaction and vision, which derive these signals from inputs with very different statistics and use them for different navigational purposes.

许多动物依靠其导航到空气中气味羽流来源的能力来生存。 一个世纪前的研究表明，昆虫结合机械感觉和嗅觉线索来导航、汹涌澎湃 检测气味时逆风，但失去信号时顺风或顺风。他们也使用双边。 我们最近发现，它们的两个触角发出的信息会转向更高的气味浓度。 除了风向和气味梯度之外，果蝇还能检测气味的运动方向，与环境无关。 利用光遗传学将气味信号与风分离，我们发现苍蝇利用气味运动来检测气味。 两个触角之间气味信号的时间相关性，表明与运动检测的相似之处 操纵虚拟气味信号中的时空相关性表明，苍蝇确实利用了这一点。 导航气味羽流时的气味运动。 果蝇可以“闻到”气味运动的发现表明双边传感在 嗅觉，并为该领域提出了以下问题：1）气味运动是如何产生的——以前未被重视的一个问题 嗅觉方向提示 — 与其他方向提示集成以驱动嗅觉导航 2)​​ 什么是嗅觉导航？ 气味运动检测器的输入以及气味价如何调节对气味运动的行为反应 3) 哪些神经回路和计算介导气味运动检测以及它们与其他神经回路和计算有何比较 介导视觉运动检测？我们将通过结合光遗传学刺激、神经元来解决这些问题 活动测量以及我们使用的行为和计算框架的神经发生沉默 通过这个平台，我们可以控制、测量和扰乱真实的气味和虚拟的气味。 在果蝇自由行走的嗅觉导航过程中，闭环和开环的气味信号是完美的。 适合追求这些目标，因为 1) 目前对嗅觉周围神经回路的了解 (2) 有能力 有选择地测量和操纵参与感觉处理和整合的神经回路的活动。 苍蝇利用气味运动检测来增强气味引导导航的发现揭示了我们的重要差距 拟议的研究将通过描述苍蝇如何进行嗅觉导航来弥补这些差距。 将气味运动与其他线索结合起来以指导嗅觉行为，并通过揭示神经回路和 更广泛地说，这些发现将增进我们的理解。 通过允许我们比较跨模式计算运动的电路来进行神经电路计算 嗅觉和视觉，它们从具有非常不同的统计数据的输入中得出这些信号，并将它们用于不同的用途 导航目的。