Dissecting the roles of timing in a canonical neural computation

剖析时序在规范神经计算中的作用

• 批准号: 10205535
• 负责人: Damon Alistair Clark
• 金额: $ 120.62万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10205535
• 关键词: Affect; Anatomy; Animal Behavior; Animal Model; Animals; Behavior; Blindness; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Detection; Devices; Disease; Drosophila genus; Eye; Feedback; Gene Expression; Genetic; Goals; Individual; Insecta; Ion Channel; Learning; Light; Location; Mammals; Maps; Measures; Membrane; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Optics; Organism; Partner in relationship; Physiology; Public Health; Research; Retina; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Speed; Structure; System; Testing; Text; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; behavior measurement; behavioral response; cell type; experimental study; fly; genetic manipulation; improved; in vivo calcium imaging; in vivo two-photon imaging; individual response; neural circuit; neuroregulation; neurotransmission; neurotransmitter release; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinal prosthesis; scaffold; sensory input; signal processing; tool; visual information; visual processing; voltage

Project Summary [30 lines max] Timing is critical to neural processing. Nowhere is that clearer than in visual motion detection. To detect motion, neurons transmit visual information with different latencies, or delays, allowing the circuit to compare visual scenes over time. When comparisons over time are combined with comparisons over space, the circuit can compute direction-selective signals, which are larger for motion in one direction than in the opposite direction. These signals in turn guide a wide range of behaviors, from navigation and predator avoidance to mating. This project proposes to investigate the origins and effects of timing differences in visual motion circuits in the fruit fly Drosophila, a model organism in which powerful genetic tools can identify the roles of individual neurons in computations. Using these tools, this research will identify mechanisms that underlie the different dynamical responses of visual neurons and map out how those responses control downstream computations. This work is significant for two reasons. First, motion detection is a canonical neural computation, since it requires circuits to integrate visual information over both time and space, and because it is necessarily nonlinear. Moreover, the anatomy, physiology, and computational structure of motion detection has strong parallels between flies and mammalian retina and cortex. Therefore, it is likely that what we learn about the mechanisms that regulate timing the fly eye and their effects on motion computation will be mirrored in other circuits that detect visual motion. Second, our proposed aims will test fundamental models of motion detection. All of these models rely on timing differences that permit comparisons to be made over time, but these assumptions have not been tested. Our research will distinguish between proposed models in the fly and test fundamental assumptions about how motion is computed by differences in the timing of neural signals. In our complementary aims, we will uncover mechanisms that generate different timing in different neural responses. We will also measure the effects of timing differences on motion signals and on behavior. On completion, these studies will advance our understanding of how neural response timing is regulated and how that timing determines downstream neural computations. We expect that what we learn in this small neural circuit can serve as a scaffold for understanding the roles of timing in motion detection in the larger brains of mammals.

项目摘要 [最多 30 行] 时间对于神经处理至关重要。没有什么比视觉运动检测更清楚了。检测 运动时，神经元以不同的延迟或延迟传输视觉信息，从而允许电路进行比较 随着时间的推移的视觉场景。当时间比较与空间比较相结合时，电路 可以计算方向选择性信号，该信号对于一个方向的运动比相反的运动更大 方向。这些信号反过来引导广泛的行为，从导航和躲避捕食者到 交配。该项目旨在研究视觉运动时间差异的起源和影响 果蝇中的电路，果蝇是一种模式生物，强大的遗传工具可以识别果蝇的作用 计算中的单个神经元。使用这些工具，本研究将确定潜在的机制 视觉神经元的不同动态反应，并绘制出这些反应如何控制下游 计算。这项工作之所以重要有两个原因。首先，运动检测是一种典型的神经网络 计算，因为它需要电路来整合时间和空间上的视觉信息，并且因为它 必然是非线性的。此外，运动检测的解剖学、生理学和计算结构 果蝇和哺乳动物的视网膜和皮质之间有很强的相似之处。因此，我们所学到的很可能是 关于调节蝇眼计时的机制及其对运动计算的影响将被镜像 在其他检测视觉运动的电路中。其次，我们提出的目标将测试运动的基本模型 检测。所有这些模型都依赖于时间差异，允许随着时间的推移进行比较，但是 这些假设尚未经过检验。我们的研究将区分飞行中提出的模型和 测试关于如何通过神经信号时序差异计算运动的基本假设。在 我们的互补目标，我们将发现在不同神经元中产生不同时序的机制 回应。我们还将测量时间差异对运动信号和行为的影响。在 完成后，这些研究将增进我们对神经反应时间如何调节以及如何进行的理解 该时间决定了下游神经计算。我们期望我们在这个小神经网络中学到的东西 电路可以作为理解时间在大脑更大的运动检测中的作用的支架 哺乳动物。